Kumvetsetsa Makina Osindikizira a Offset

Chiyambi:

Makina osindikizira a Offset amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zosindikizira zapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyambira m'manyuzipepala ndi m'magazini kupita ku timabuku ndi kuyika, kusindikiza kwa offset kwakhala njira yabwino yosindikizira malonda. Koma kodi makinawa amagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi teknoloji yomwe imayambitsa ntchito yawo ndi yotani? M'nkhaniyi, tizama m'njira zovuta kwambiri za makina osindikizira a offset, kufufuza zigawo zawo, makina awo, ndi machitidwe awo. Kaya ndinu okonda kusindikiza kapena mumangofuna kudziwa zaukadaulo womwe umapangitsa kuti zinthu zosindikizidwa zikhale zamoyo, nkhaniyi ikupatsani chidziwitso chokwanira cha momwe makina osindikizira a offset amagwirira ntchito.

Zoyambira Zosindikiza za Offset:

Kusindikiza kwa Offset ndi njira yotchuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanganso zithunzi ndi zolemba pamalo osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri pamapepala. Mawu akuti "offset" amatanthauza kusamutsa kwachithunzithunzi kuchokera pa mbale yosindikizira kupita ku gawo lapansi. Mosiyana ndi njira zosindikizira zachindunji, monga letterpress kapena flexography, kusindikiza kwa offset kumagwiritsa ntchito mkhalapakati - bulangeti lamphira - kusamutsira chithunzicho ku gawo lapansi. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri, kuphatikizapo khalidwe lapamwamba la zithunzi, kutulutsa mtundu wolondola, komanso kusindikiza pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.

Zigawo za Makina Osindikizira a Offset:

Makina osindikizira a Offset ndi machitidwe ovuta opangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi mogwirizana. Kumvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito a gawo lililonse ndikofunikira pakumvetsetsa ukadaulo wa makina osindikizira a offset. Tiyeni tifufuze zigawo izi mwatsatanetsatane:

Pulati Yosindikizira:

Pamtima pa makina onse osindikizira a offset pali mbale yosindikizira - pepala lachitsulo kapena mbale ya aluminiyamu yomwe imanyamula chithunzicho kuti chisindikizidwe. Chithunzi chomwe chili pa mbaleyo chimapangidwa kudzera mu ndondomeko ya prepress, pomwe mbaleyo imawululidwa ndi kuwala kwa UV kapena mankhwala opangira mankhwala, kusintha madera osankhidwa kuti apange inki. Kenako mbaleyo imamangiriridwa ku silinda ya mbale ya makina osindikizira, kulola kuti chithunzicho chiwoneke bwino komanso chosasinthasintha.

Inking System:

Dongosolo la inki ndi udindo woyika inki pa mbale yosindikizira. Imakhala ndi zodzigudubuza zingapo, kuphatikiza chodzigudubuza cha kasupe, chogudubuza inki, ndi chodzigudubuza. Wodzigudubuza kasupe, womira mu kasupe wa inki, amatenga inki ndikuitumiza ku chogudubuza cha inki. Wodzigudubuza wa inki nawonso amasamutsa inki kwa wodzigudubuza wogawira, amene amawayala mofanana pa mbale yosindikizirayo. Makina a inki amawunikiridwa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kutulutsa kolondola kwamitundu komanso kugawa kwa inki kosasintha.

Blanket Cylinder:

Chithunzicho chikasamutsidwa pa mbale yosindikizira, chiyenera kusamutsidwanso ku gawo lapansi lomaliza. Apa ndipamene chinsalu cha rabara chimayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chovala cha bulangeti chimanyamula bulangete la rabala, lomwe limakanikizidwa pa mbale yosindikizira kuti mulandire chithunzi cha inki. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito bulangeti la mphira ndi kusinthasintha kwake, kulola kuti ligwirizane ndi ma contours a gawo lapansi. Pamene silinda ya bulangeti ikuzungulira, chithunzi cha inkicho chimayikidwa pa bulangeti, kukonzekera gawo lotsatira la ndondomekoyi.

The Impression Cylinder:

Kusamutsa chithunzicho kuchokera ku bulangeti kupita ku gawo lapansi, bulangeti ndi gawo lapansi ziyenera kukumana. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito silinda yowonetsera. Silinda yowoneka bwino imakanikizira gawolo motsutsana ndi bulangeti, kulola kuti chithunzi cha inki chisamutsidwe. Kupanikizika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimasindikizidwa bwino komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa gawo lapansi. Silinda yowoneka bwino imatha kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi magawo amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupangitsa kusindikiza kwa offset kukhala kosunthika pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.

Njira ya Paper:

Pamodzi ndi zigawo zofunika, makina osindikizira a offset amakhalanso ndi njira yopangidwa bwino ya mapepala kuti atsogolere gawo lapansi posindikiza. Njira yamapepala imakhala ndi zodzigudubuza zingapo ndi masilinda omwe amalola kugwira bwino ntchito kwa gawo lapansi. Kuchokera ku gawo la chakudya kupita ku gawo loperekera, njira yamapepala imatsimikizira kuyenda bwino kwa gawo lapansi, kusunga kulembetsa ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kupanikizana kwa mapepala. Njira yolondola ya pepala ndiyofunikira kuti tipeze zotsatira zamaluso osindikiza.

Njira Yosindikizira ya Offset:

Tsopano popeza tapenda mbali zazikulu za makina osindikizira a offset, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kachitidwe ka sitepe ndi sitepe kophatikizidwa popanga zinthu zosindikizidwa.

Prepress:

Asanayambe kusindikiza, mbale yosindikizira iyenera kukonzedwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyatsa mbaleyo ku kuwala kwa UV kapena mankhwala opangira mankhwala, omwe amangosintha mawonekedwe ake kuti avomereze inki. Mbaleyo ikakonzeka, imamangiriridwa ku silinda ya mbale, yokonzeka kulandira inki.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Inki:

Pamene mbale yosindikizira imazungulira pa silinda ya mbale, inkinoyi imagwiritsa ntchito inki pamwamba pake. Wodzigudubuza kasupe amatenga inki kuchokera ku kasupe wa inki, yomwe imasamutsidwa ku chogudubuza cha inki ndi kugawidwa mofanana pa mbale yosindikizira. Madera omwe si azithunzi a mbale, omwe amathamangitsa madzi, amasunga inki, pomwe madera azithunzi amavomereza inki chifukwa cha chithandizo chawo panthawi ya prepress.

Kusamutsa Inki ku Blanket:

Inki ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbale yosindikizira, chithunzicho chimayikidwa pa bulangeti labala ngati silinda ya bulangeti imakhudzana ndi mbaleyo. Chofundacho chimalandira chithunzi cha inki, chomwe tsopano chasinthidwa ndipo chakonzeka kusamutsidwa ku gawo lapansi.

Kusamutsa Zithunzi ku Substrate:

Ndi chithunzi cha inki chokhala pa bulangeti, gawo lapansi limayambitsidwa. Silinda yowoneka bwino imakanikizira gawolo motsutsana ndi bulangeti, ndikusamutsa chithunzi cha inki pamwamba pake. Kupanikizika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapangitsa chidwi chapamwamba popanda kuwononga gawo lapansi.

Kuyanika ndi Kumaliza:

Gawo laling'ono likalandira chithunzi cha inki, limadutsa poyanika kuchotsa chinyezi chilichonse ndikufulumizitsa kuchiritsa kwa inki. Njira zosiyanasiyana zowumitsa, monga nyale zotentha kapena zowumitsira mpweya, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti izi zifulumire. Akaumitsa, zinthu zosindikizidwa zimatha kumalizidwanso, monga kuzidula, kuzipinda, kapena kuzimanga, kuti zitheke.

Pomaliza:

Makina osindikizira a Offset ndi kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kwaukadaulo wolondola komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba. Kuphatikizika kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mbale yosindikizira ndi makina osindikizira mpaka ku bulangeti ndi masilinda owonetserako, amalola kupanga zipangizo zosindikizira zapamwamba zokhala ndi mtundu wapadera wobala ndi kusamvana. Kumvetsetsa luso la makinawa kumapereka chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali pazovuta za ndondomeko yosindikizira komanso njira zowonongeka zomwe zimakhudzidwa popanga zipangizo zosindikizira zaluso. Kaya ndinu wosindikiza wofunitsitsa kapena mumangochita chidwi ndi dziko lazosindikiza za offset, kuyang'ana muukadaulo wamakina osindikizira a offset kumakupatsani chithunzithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha luso ndi sayansi yosindikiza.