Iziphakamiso zocwaningo lwemakethe zomshini wokugxiviza oshisayo we-auto cap

I. Isingeniso

1.1 Isizinda socwaningo kanye nenjongo

Ngezidingo ezikhulayo zezimboni ezihlukahlukene zokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo emihle nokucaca kwelogo, ubuchwepheshe bokufaka isitembu esishisayo, njengendlela yokucubungula engathuthukisa kakhulu ukubukeka nesithombe somkhiqizo wemikhiqizo, busetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nokupakisha ukuphrinta, ukuhlobisa, kanye ne-electronics. Njengomshini obalulekile wokufeza le nqubo, umshini wokugxiviza ozenzakalelayo oshisayo kancane kancane usuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza nokukhiqizwa kwesimanje ngokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu, ukunemba, nokuzinza. Noma ngabe ukupakishwa okuhle kwemikhiqizo yezemithi, umhlobiso omuhle wamabhokisi esipho sokudla, noma uphawu lomkhiqizo olushisayo olugxivizwayo lwamagobolondo omkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi, umshini ozenzakalelayo wokugxiviza oshisayo ubalulekile.

Kubathengi, kunemikhiqizo eminingi namamodeli emishini yokugxiviza ezenzakalelayo eshisayo emakethe, futhi ukusebenza nokwehluka kwamanani kukhulu. Indlela yokukhetha imishini efaneleke kakhulu ngezidingo zabo kule makethe eyinkimbinkimbi ibe yinkinga enkulu ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Lo mbiko wocwaningo uhlose ukuhlinzeka abathengi ngezinkomba zolwazi oluphelele futhi olunembile ngokuhlaziya ngokujulile isimo semakethe, izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izici zomkhiqizo womkhiqizo oyinhloko kanye nezintengo zemishini yokugxiviza isitembu esishisayo esizenzakalelayo, ukuze ubasize benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile zokuthenga futhi bazuze isimo sokuwina sokuphumelela kokukhiqiza kwebhizinisi kanye nokulawula izindleko.

1.2 Ububanzi Nezindlela Zocwaningo

Lo mbiko ugxile emshinini wokugxiviza oshisayo ozenzakalelayo , ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezivamile ezifana ne-flat-press flat, round-press flat, kanye ne-round-press round, efaka izindawo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ezifana nemithi, ukudla, ugwayi, nezimonyo. Indawo yocwaningo ihlanganisa izimakethe ezinkulu zomhlaba, ngokugxila eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, eChina, eJapan, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Phakathi nenqubo yocwaningo, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokuqoqwa okubanzi kwedatha yomphakathi yemakethe kanye nemibiko yemboni egunyaziwe, ukuguquguquka komlando wemboni kanye nesimo sokuthuthuka kuyahlungwa; ucwaningo olunzulu ngezinkampani ezinkulu ezikhiqizayo lwenziwa ukuze kutholwe ulwazi lomkhiqizo wokuqala; inhlolovo yohlu lwemibuzo lwenziwa enanini elikhulu labasebenzisi bokugcina ukuze babambe ngokunembile ukuguquguquka kwesidingo semakethe; izingxoxo zochwepheshe zihlelelwe ukuhlaziya ngokujulile izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, isimo sokuncintisana, namathrendi wesikhathi esizayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucwaningo lubanzi, lujulile, futhi luthembekile.

2. Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe

2.1 Ukuchazwa kwemboni kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba

Umshini ozenzakalelayo wokugxiviza oshisayo umshini womshini osebenzisa isimiso sokudlulisa ukushisa ukuze udlulise ngokunembile umbhalo, amaphethini, imigqa, nolunye ulwazi ezintweni ezishisayo zokugxiviza njenge-electrochemical aluminium foil noma iphepha elishisayo lokugxiviza ebusweni be-substrate ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu ukuze kuzuzwe imihlobiso emihle nemiphumela yelogo. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko wokusebenza ukuthi ngemva kokushiswa kwepuleti elishisayo lokugxiviza, ungqimba olunamathelayo olushisayo oluncibilikayo ezintweni ezishisayo luyancibilika, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela, ungqimba olushisayo lokunyathela olufana ne-metal foil noma i-pigment foil lunamathele ngokuqinile ku-substrate, futhi ngemva kokupholisa, kwakheka umphumela wokunyathela oshisayo ohlala isikhathi eside futhi ogqamile.

Ngokombono wezindlela zokugxiviza ezishisayo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: isicaba esicindezelwe ngesicaba, isicaba esicindezelwe esiyindilinga, nesiyingi esiyindilinga. Lapho umshini wokunyathela oshisayo wokucindezela okuphansi ushisa izitembu, ipuleti lokugxiviza elishisayo lixhumene ngokuhambisana nendiza ye-substrate, futhi ingcindezi isetshenziswa ngokulinganayo. Ifanele indawo encane, ukugxiviza okushisayo okunembayo okuphezulu, okufana namakhadi okubingelela, amalebula, amaphakheji amancane, njll., futhi ingathula amaphethini athambile nombhalo ocacile, kodwa isivinini sokugxiviza esishisayo sihamba kancane; umshini wokugxiviza oshisayo ojikelezayo uhlanganisa i-cylindrical roller ne-flat hot stamping plate. Ukujikeleza kwe-roller kushayela i-substrate ukuthi ihambe. Ukusebenza kahle kwezitembu ezishisayo kuphezulu kunomshini wokugxiviza oshisayo we-flat-press. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephakathi, njengamabhokisi wezimonyo, imiyalelo yezidakamizwa, njll., futhi ingacabangela ukunemba nokusebenza kahle okuthile; umshini wokugxiviza oshisayo wokucindezela okuzungezile usebenzisa amarola angamacylindrical amabili agingqana. Ipuleti lokugxiviza elishisayo kanye nerola yokucindezela kuxhumene ngokuqhubekayo. Isivinini sokushaya isitembu esishisayo sishesha kakhulu, esifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu, okunesivinini esikhulu okuqhubekayo, njengamakani okudla neziphuzo, amaphakethe kagwayi, njll., kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile yokugxiviza okushisayo.

Ngokwensimu yesicelo, ihlanganisa ukuphrinta kokupakisha, izinto zokwakha zokuhlobisa, izinto zikagesi, imikhiqizo yesikhumba, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki neminye imikhakha. Emkhakheni wokupakisha nokuphrinta, isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhathoni, amabhokisi, amalebula, ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo, njll., ukunikeza imikhiqizo isithombe esibonakalayo esiphezulu kanye nokuthuthukisa isikhalazo seshalofu; emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha zokuhlobisa, isetshenziselwa ukugxiviza okushisayo ezindaweni ezinjengamaphephadonga, phansi, amaphrofayili eminyango namafasitela, ukudala okusanhlamvu okungokoqobo kokhuni, okusanhlamvu kwamatshe, okusanhlamvu kwensimbi neminye imiphumela yokuhlobisa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlobiso womuntu siqu; emkhakheni wezinto zikagesi zikagesi, amalogo omkhiqizo neziyalezo zokusebenza agxivizwa kakhulu kumagobolondo omkhiqizo, amaphaneli okulawula, amabhodi ezimpawu, njll. ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo nobungcweti; umshini wokushisa oshisayo wemikhiqizo yesikhumba neyepulasitiki , ukuthungwa kanye nephethini yokugxiviza okushisayo kufinyelelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani elingeziwe lomkhiqizo kanye nomuzwa wemfashini.

2.2 Ubukhulu bemakethe kanye nendlela yokukhula

Eminyakeni yakamuva, usayizi wemakethe womshini wokugxiviza ozenzakalelayo womhlaba wonke uqhubeke nokukhula kancane kancane. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ezikhungweni zocwaningo lwemakethe, ngo-2022, usayizi wemakethe yomshini wokugxiviza oshisayo emhlabeni wonke wafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.263, kanti usayizi wemakethe yomshini wokugxiviza oshisayo waseShayina wafinyelela kumayuan ayizigidi ezingama-753. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokunyathelisa, isidingo semakethe semishini eshisayo yokugxiviza siye sanda. Iqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kanye nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, imboni yemishini eshisayo yokugxiviza ithuthuke ngokushesha futhi imakethe igcine inkambiso yokukhula engaguquki.

Ukukhula okudlule kuye kwazuza ezicini eziningi. Ngaphansi kwegagasi lokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, abathengi banezidingo eziqinile ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokubukeka komkhiqizo kanye nokwakheka komuntu siqu. Abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene bakhulise utshalomali lwabo ekupakisheni, ekuhlobiseni nakwezinye izixhumanisi ukuze bathuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo ngezitembu ezishisayo ezishisayo, ngaleyo ndlela baqhubekisele phambili isidingo semishini yokugxiviza ezenzakalelayo eshisayo ukuthi sikhuphuke; imboni ye-e-commerce iyadlondlobala, futhi ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kwenze ukuthi ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo kunake kakhulu umthelela obonakalayo. Inani elikhulu lama-oda okupakisha angokwezifiso futhi ahlukene avele, okwenza indawo ebanzi yemishini yokufaka isitembu esishisayo ezenzakalelayo; ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kukhuthaze impumelelo eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bokufaka isitembu esishisayo, nezinto ezintsha zokugxiviza ezishisayo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amapuleti ashisayo anembayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yokulawula okuhlakaniphile kulithuthukise kakhulu izinga lokushaya isitembu esishisayo, ukusebenza kahle, nokuzinza kwemishini yokugxiviza okuzenzakalelayo, kwandise imingcele yohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nesidingo esiqhubekayo semakethe.

Uma sibheka phambili, yize umnotho womhlaba ubhekene nokungaqiniseki okuthile, imakethe yomshini wokugxiviza ozenzakalelayo oshisayo kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula kwayo. Amandla okusebenzisa ezimakethe ezisafufusa ayaqhubeka nokukhululwa. Isibonelo, imboni yokukhiqiza eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNdiya iyakhula, futhi isidingo sekhwalithi ephezulu yokupakisha nemishini yokuhlobisa siyakhula. Ukungena okujulile kwezitayela zezimboni zomshini wokugxiviza we-foil oshisayo njengokukhiqiza okukhaliphile nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza kuye kwashukumisela imishini yokugxiviza ezenzakalelayo eshisayo ukuthi ithuthukele ekukhiqizweni okuhlakaniphile, okonga amandla, kanye ne-VOC ephansi, okunikeza amaphuzu amasha okukhula kwemakethe. Ukwenza kube ngokwakho kanye namamodeli okukhiqiza amaqoqo amancane ayakhula ngesivinini ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Imishini yokugxiviza isitembu esishisayo esezingeni eliphezulu enamandla okukhiqiza azovula amathuba engeziwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke udlule ama-US $ 2.382 billion ngo-2028, futhi usayizi wemakethe yaseChina nawo uzofinyelela ezingeni elisha.

2.3 Izindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

Embonini yezemithi, imithetho yokupakishwa kwezidakamizwa iya ngokuya iqina, futhi ukucaca nokumelana nokugqokwa kwamagama ezidakamizwa, imininingwane, izinsuku zokukhiqiza, njll. kuphezulu kakhulu. Imishini ezenzakalelayo yokugxiviza isitembu eshisayo ingagxiviza lolu lwazi olubalulekile ezintweni zokupakisha ezifana namabhokisi namaphaneli epulasitiki e-aluminium ngokunemba okuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ulwazi luphelele, lucacile futhi lufundeka isikhathi eside, kugwenywe ngempumelelo izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona zemithi ezibangelwa amalebula afiphele, kuyilapho kuthuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo wezidakamizwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukwethenjwa kwabathengi.

Embonini yokudla nekagwayi, ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo kushubile, futhi ukupakisha sekuyisihluthulelo sokuheha abathengi. Imishini ezenzakalelayo yokugxiviza isitembu eshisayo ingagxiviza amaphethini amahle namalogo omkhiqizo emabhokisini esipho sokudla nasemaphaketheni kagwayi, isebenzisa insimbi ecwebezelayo kanye nemiphumela enezinhlangothi ezintathu ukuze idale ukuthungwa okuneqophelo eliphezulu, kugqame emashalofini, futhi kushukumise isifiso sokuthenga. Isibonelo, amaphethini okugxiviza okusagolide ashisayo amabhokisi esipho sikashokholethi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye namalogo we-laser hot stamping anti-komgunyathi emikhiqizo kagwayi okhethekile asephenduke izindawo zokuthengisa eziyingqayizivele zemikhiqizo, okugqugquzela imboni ukuthi isebenzise imishini yokugxiviza ezenzakalelayo eshisayo ngobuningi obukhulu.

Emkhakheni wezimonyo, imikhiqizo igxile kwimfashini, ukucwengwa kanye nekhwalithi. Imishini ezenzakalelayo yokugxiviza i-foil eshisayo isetshenziselwa ukugxiviza okushisayo kwamabhodlela ezimonyo namabhokisi okupakisha ukuze kudalwe ukuthungwa okuthambile namalogo acwebezelayo, alingana nethoni yomkhiqizo, agqamise izinga lomkhiqizo, ahlangabezane nokuphishekela ubuhle kwabathengi, nokusiza amabhrendi ukubamba indawo ephezulu emqhudelwaneni wemakethe yobuhle.

Kweminye imikhakha, njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izinto zangaphakathi zezimoto, izipho zamasiko nezokudala, njll., imishini yokugxiviza ezenzakalelayo eshisayo nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Ilogo yomkhiqizo kanye nemingcele yobuchwepheshe yamagobolondo omkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi agxivizwa ukukhombisa umuzwa wobuchwepheshe nobungcweti; imigqa yokuhlobisa kanye nemiyalelo yokusebenza yezingxenye zangaphakathi zezimoto zigxivizwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya wokunethezeka emotweni; izipho zamasiko nezokudala zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushaya isitembu esishisayo ukuze zihlanganise izici zamasiko futhi zengeze inani lobuciko. Isidingo kulezi zindawo sihlukile futhi siyaqhubeka nokukhula, sinikeza umfutho oqhubekayo wokunwetshwa kwemakethe yomshini wokugxiviza ozenzakalelayo oshisayo.

3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe

3.1 Umgomo Wokusebenza kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obubalulekile

Umgomo oyinhloko wokusebenza womshini wokunyathelisa oshisayo ozenzakalelayo usekelwe ekudlulisweni kokushisa. Ngokushisisa ipuleti lesigxivizo esishisayo kuzinga lokushisa elithile, ungqimba olunamathelayo oluncibilika ngokushisayo olungaphezulu kwecwecwe le-aluminiyamu ye-electrochemical noma iphepha lokugxiviza elishisayo liyancibilika. Ngosizo lokucindezela, ungqimba olushisayo lokunyathela olufana ne-metal foil kanye ne-pigment foil ludluliselwa ngokunembile ku-substrate, futhi umphumela wokugxiviza oshisayo oqinile futhi omuhle kakhulu wakheka ngemva kokupholisa. Le nqubo ihilela inani lobuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokulawula izinga lokushisa, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi, nesivinini sokushaya isitembu esishisayo.

Ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kuhlobene ngokuqondile nekhwalithi yokushaya isitembu esishisayo. Izinto ezihlukene zokugxiviza ezishisayo nezinto ze-substrate zinokuguquguquka okuhlukile kwezinga lokushisa. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa elishisayo lokunyathela lokupakishwa kwephepha livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-120℃-120℃, kuyilapho izinto zepulasitiki zingadinga ukulungiswa zibe ngu-140℃-180℃. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana namapulasitiki ahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-adhesive iyancibilika ngokugcwele futhi ayilimazi i-substrate. Imishini ethuthukisiwe ivamise ukusebenzisa amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa ahlakaniphile, njengezilawuli ze-PID ezihlanganiswe nezinzwa zokushisa ezinemba okuphezulu, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokulungiswa kwempendulo, nokunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kungafinyelela ku-±1-2℃, kuqinisekiswe ukugqama kombala nokunamathela kokugxiviza okushisayo.

Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi nakho kubalulekile. Uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ungqimba lwesitembu esishisayo ngeke lubambelele ngokuqinile futhi luzowa kalula noma lufiphale. Uma ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu, nakuba ukunamathela kuhle, kungase kuchoboze i-substrate noma kukhubaze iphethini yesitembu esishisayo. Imishini yesimanje ifakwe imishini yokulungisa ingcindezi emihle, njengezinhlelo ze-pneumatic noma ze-hydraulic booster, ezingalungisa ngokunembile ukucindezela kububanzi obungu-0.5-2 MPa ngokobukhulu nobulukhuni be-substrate ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphethini yokugxiviza eshisayo iphelele, icacile, futhi imigqa ibukhali.

Isivinini sokushaya isitembu esishisayo sithinta ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi. Uma isivinini sishesha kakhulu, ukudluliswa kokushisa akwanele, futhi i-adhesive iyancibilika ngokungalingani, okuholela ekulimazeni okushisayo kwesitembu; uma ijubane lihamba kancane, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi futhi izindleko ziyanda. Imishini yokugxiviza i-foil eshisayo enesivinini esikhulu ithuthukisa ukwakheka kokudlulisela futhi ikhethe imithombo yokushisa esebenza kahle. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushaya isitembu esishisayo, ijubane liyakhuphuka libe ngamamitha angu-8-15/ngomzuzu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza okukhulu. Amanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu angafinyelela noshintsho lwesivinini esingenasinyathelo futhi azivumelanise nezimo nezimfuneko zokuhleleka okuhlukile.

3.2 Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe

Ukuzenzakalela kanye nobuhlakani sekuphenduke umkhuba ojwayelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokuzenzekelayo lemishini liyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono. Kusukela ekudleni okuzenzakalelayo, ukugxiviza okushisayo kuya ekutholeni, asikho isidingo sokungenelela kwabantu ngokweqile kuyo yonke inqubo, ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi kanye namaphutha okusebenza. Isibonelo, umshini omusha wokunyathela oshisayo ozenzakalelayo ngokugcwele uhlanganisa ingalo yerobhothi ukuze ibambe ngokunembile i-substrate, ivumelane nezicaciso eziningi kanye nemikhiqizo emise okukhethekile, futhi ibone ukusebenza ngokuchofoza okukodwa kwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, isistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile igxiliswe ngokujulile, futhi ngokusebenzisa izinzwa nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto, iqoqa idatha yokusebenza kwemishini ngesikhathi sangempela, njengezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isivinini, njll., futhi isebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kanye nama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuze kuzuzwe isixwayiso sephutha nokuzilungiselela ngokwakho amapharamitha wenqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile nokuphumelelayo nokuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki komkhiqizo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokonga amandla nokuvikela imvelo bukhathazeke kakhulu. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokwanda kokuqwashisa ngezemvelo emhlabeni wonke, uguquko lokonga amandla emishini yokugxiviza isitembu eshisayo luye lwashesha. Izakhi zokushisisa ezintsha, njengezifudumezi ze-electromagnetic induction kanye nezifudumezi zemisebe ye-infrared, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushisa futhi zanciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisisa kwentambo evamile yokumelana; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izisetshenziswa zisebenzisa izinto ezithinta imvelo kanye nezinqubo zokunciphisa amagesi ayingozi kanye nokukhishwa kwemfucuza, ukuhambisana nomqondo wokukhiqiza okuluhlaza, ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo, futhi kuzuze ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwamabhizinisi.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi eminingi kunweba imingcele yohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuze uvumelane nezidingo ezihlukene zemakethe, imishini yokufaka isitembu esishisayo ezenzakalelayo iqhubekela ekuhlanganisweni kwemisebenzi eminingi. Ngaphezu komsebenzi oyisisekelo wokugxiviza okushisayo, kuhlanganisa ukugqamisa, ukusika ukufa, ukufaka embossing nezinye izinqubo ukuze kuzuzwe ukubunjwa kwesikhathi esisodwa, ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwenqubo, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nenani elingeziwe lomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwephakheji yezimonyo, idivayisi eyodwa ingaqedela ukugxiviza okushisayo kwelogo yomkhiqizo, ukugqamisa ukuthungwa, nokusika i-die-cutting ngokulandelana ukuze idale ukubukeka okuhle kwezinhlangothi ezintathu, ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe, inikeze abathengi isixazululo sokuma okukodwa, futhi ithuthukise isakhiwo senqubo yokukhiqiza.

Lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zinomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zokuthenga. Amabhizinisi aphishekela ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo kanye nokuphumayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele anikeze kuqala imishini enezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kanye nobuhlakani. Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwenyuka kancane, kunganciphisa izindleko futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; emabhizinisini agxile ekuzibophezeleni kwemvelo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, okokusebenza okonga amandla kuyisinqumo sokuqala, esingagwema izingozi zemvelo kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwamandla; amabhizinisi anemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokwenza ngokwezifiso njalo adinga ukunaka amamodeli ahlanganisiwe anemisebenzi eminingi, aphendule ngokuguquguquka ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, athuthukise ikhono lokusabela emakethe, futhi andise inani lokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini.

IV. Indawo yokuncintisana

4.1 Isingeniso kubakhiqizi abakhulu

Abakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe abaziwayo njenge-Heidelberg yaseJalimane, njengesiqhwaga emkhakheni wemishini yokunyathelisa yomhlaba wonke, banomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 kanye nesisekelo esijulile sobuchwepheshe. Imikhiqizo yayo yomshini wokushaya isitembu esishisayo ezenzakalelayo ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, njengobuchwepheshe be-laser platemaking technology, obunokunemba okushisayo kwezitembu kuze kufike ezingeni le-micron, elingabonisa ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu ekugxivizeni okushisayo okuyingcaca; isistimu ye-automation ehlakaniphile ihlanganiswe kakhulu, iqaphela ukulawulwa kwedijithali okugcwele inqubo, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni okunethezeka okuphezulu, ukubopha izincwadi ezinhle kanye neminye imikhakha. Kuyinketho yokuqala yamaphrinta omugqa wokuqala wamazwe ngamazwe, anedumela elihle kakhulu lemakethe kanye nomthelela womkhiqizo womhlaba.

I-Komori, eJapane, idume ngokwenza imishini yayo enembayo, futhi umshini wayo ozenzakalelayo wokugxiviza ucwecwe oshisayo unesikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yase-Asia. Phakathi nentuthuko, iye yagxila ku-R&D nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, futhi yethula umshini wokugxiviza isitembu se-foil eshisayo evumelana nemvelo nokonga amandla, osebenzisa into entsha yokushisisa futhi wehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-[X]% uma kuqhathaniswa nezisetshenziswa zendabuko, ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zendawo zokuvikela imvelo; futhi inobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokuvumelana nezimo zephepha, obungakwazi ukufaka isitembu ngokunembile ephepheni elincanyana, amakhadibhodi awugqinsi ngisho nephepha elikhethekile, elisebenzela ukushicilela okuphumelelayo kwendawo, izinto zikagesi, ukupakishwa kwezimonyo nezinye izimboni, nokwakha isisekelo samakhasimende esiqinile esinekhwalithi ezinzile kanye nezinsizakalo zasendaweni.

Izinkampani zasekhaya ezihamba phambili njengeShanghai Yaoke sezigxile ekukhiqizeni imishini yokunyathelisa nokupakisha iminyaka eminingi futhi zikhule ngokushesha. Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo oyinhloko lucebile, lumboza izinhlobo eziyisicaba ezicindezelwe phansi nezicindezelwe nxazonke, ezivumelana nezidingo zamabhizinisi anosayizi abahlukene. Umshini wokunyathela oshisayo onesivinini esikhulu ozithuthukele wona unesivinini esishisayo sokunyathela esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-[X]/ngomzuzu. Ngokuzithuthukisa okuhlakaniphile kokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi, isebenza kahle ezimeni zokukhiqiza ngobuningi njengamaphakethe kagwayi namalebula ewayini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhulisa izimakethe zaphesheya ngenkuthalo futhi kancane kancane ivula umnyango ezimakethe ezisafufusa ezifana neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokungabizi kwayo okuphezulu, iba wuphawu olumele imishini yasekhaya yokugxiviza okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo futhi ikhuthaze inqubo yokwenza le mboni.

I-Shenzhen Hejia (APM), ethembele ezinzuzweni zeqembu ochungechungeni lwemboni yokupakisha nokunyathelisa, isebenzisa izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ezivela kubakhiqizi abafana ne-Yaskawa, i-Sandex, i-SMC Mitsubishi, i-Omron ne-Schneider ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo. Yonke imishini yethu yokufaka isitembu esishisayo ezenzakalelayo ikhiqizwa ngokuhambisana namazinga e-CE, athathwa njengelinye lamazinga aqine kakhulu emhlabeni.

V. Amaphuzu Okuthenga

5.1 Izidingo Zekhwalithi

Ukunemba kwezitembu ezishisayo kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokulinganisa ikhwalithi yemishini yokugxiviza ezenzakalelayo eshisayo, ethinta ngokuqondile ukubukeka komkhiqizo nesithombe somkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile ngamamilimitha noma ama-microns, izinga lokuchezuka phakathi kwephethini yesitembu esishisayo, umbhalo nokusalungiswa komklamo kukalwa ngokunembile. Isibonelo, ekugxivizeni okushisayo kwamaphakheji ezimonyo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukunemba kwesitembu esishisayo sephethini yelogo kuyadingeka ukuthi kulawulwe phakathi kuka-±0.1mm ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthungwa okuthambile; ngolwazi lokugxiviza okushisayo njengemiyalelo yezidakamizwa, ukucaca kombhalo nokuqhubeka kwemivimbo kubalulekile, futhi ukunemba kufanele kufinyelele ku-±0.05mm ukuze kugwenywe ukufunda kabi imiyalelo yemithi ngenxa yokufiphala. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ama-microscope anembe kakhulu namathuluzi okulinganisa isithombe angasetshenziswa ukuze kuqhathaniswe umkhiqizo wokunyathela oshisayo nomdwebo womklamo ojwayelekile, kulinganise inani lokuchezuka, nokuhlola ukunemba ngokunembile.

Ukuzinza kuhlanganisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemishini kanye nokuzinza kwekhwalithi yokunyathela okushisayo. Mayelana nokusebenza komshini, bheka ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye isebenza kahle yini, ngaphandle komsindo ongajwayelekile noma ukudlidliza ngesikhathi esiqhubekayo sokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa. Isibonelo, izingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nezinjini, amaketanga okudlulisa, namadivayisi okulawula ukucindezela akufanele kubambeke noma kukhululeke ngemva kokusebenza okuqhubekayo amahora angaphezu kwangu-8; ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yokugxiviza okushisayo kudinga ukuvumelana kwemiphumela eshisayo yokunyathela amaqoqo amaningi emikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ukugcwaliswa kombala, ukucwebezela, ukucaca kwephethini, njll. Uma sithatha ukugxivizwa okushisayo kwamaphakheji kagwayi njengesibonelo, ukuchezuka kombala wegolide we-ΔE weqoqo elifanayo lamaphakheji kagwayi ngemva kokugxiviza okushisayo kunezikhathi ezihlukene ze-IE kufanele kuncishiswe esikhaleni esingaphansi kuka-2 yemigqa yephethini kufanele ilawulwe ku-5% ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana okubonakalayo kokupakishwa komkhiqizo.

Ukuqina kuhlobene nembuyiselo yesikhathi eside ekutshalweni kwempahla okokusebenza, okubandakanya ukuphila kwezingxenye ezibalulekile nokuthembeka kwawo wonke umshini. Njengengxenye esebenzisekayo, ipuleti lokugxiviza elishisayo elifaniswe nempahla yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele likwazi ukumelana okungenani nezitembu ezishisayo eziyisigidi esingu-1. Impahla kufanele imelane nokuguga futhi imelane nokuguqulwa. Isibonelo, kufanele yenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy engenisiwe futhi iqiniswe inqubo ekhethekile yokwelashwa kokushisa. Izinto zokushisisa ezifana namashubhu okushisa namakhoyili wokungeniswa kagesi kufanele zibe nokuphila kwesevisi okungengaphansi kwamahora angu-5,000 ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushisa okuzinzile. Wonke umshini unomklamo wesakhiwo onengqondo, futhi igobolondo lenziwe nge-alloy enamandla amakhulu noma amapulasitiki obunjiniyela anezinga lokuvikela le-IP54 ukumelana nokuguguleka kothuli nomswakama ekukhiqizeni kwansuku zonke, ukwelula impilo yonke yezinto zokusebenza, nokunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa njalo nokushintshwa.

5.2 Ukulethwa ngesikhathi

Ukulethwa ngesikhathi kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhizinisi, futhi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuqaliswa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza, umjikelezo wokulethwa kwe-oda kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Uma ukulethwa kwempahla kubambezelekile, ukumiswa kokukhiqiza kuzoholela engcupheni yokusilela emuva kwe-oda, njengama-oda okupakisha ukudla ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ukubambezeleka kokulethwa kuzodala ukuthi umkhiqizo uphuthelwe yisikhathi sokuthengisa, okungeke kubhekane nezimangalo zamakhasimende kuphela, kodwa futhi kulimaze isithunzi somkhiqizo. Ukusabela kochungechunge kuzothinta isabelo semakethe kanye nenzuzo yebhizinisi. Ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinezibuyekezo ezisheshayo zemikhiqizo ezifana nezimpahla zabathengi ezisheshayo kanye ne-elekthronikhi, ukwethulwa ngesikhathi kwemikhiqizo emisha kuncike ekuthunyelweni okufika ngesikhathi kwemishini eshisayo yokugxiviza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kwenqubo yokupakisha. Uma ithuba liphuthelwe, izimbangi zizolibamba leli thuba.

Ukuhlola umthamo womphakeli womphakeli, uphenyo olunezinhlangothi eziningi luyadingeka. Ukuba nengqondo kokuhlela ukukhiqiza kuyisihluthulelo. Kudingeka ukuqonda ukusilela emuva kwe-oda lomphakeli, ukunemba kohlelo lokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ingaqalwa yini ngokwesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso kwinkontileka; izinga lokuphathwa kwempahla lithinta ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye, futhi i-inventory yokuphepha eyanele iqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa ngokushesha kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphansi kokufunwa okungazelelwe, kunciphisa umjikelezo womhlangano; ukudidiyelwa kokusatshalaliswa kwempahla kuhlobene nokufika kwesikhathi kwezokuthutha. Abahlinzeki bekhwalithi ephezulu banokubambisana kwesikhathi eside nezinkampani zezokuthutha ezichwepheshile futhi banekhono lokulandelela ulwazi lokuhamba ngesikhathi sangempela nokwenza amalungiselelo aphuthumayo.

VI. Ukuhlaziywa Kwecala

6.1 Icala eliyimpumelelo lokuthenga

Inkampani yezimonyo eyaziwayo ihlela ukwethula uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu enezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokupakisha ubuchwepheshe bezitembu ezishisayo. Lapho kuthengwa umshini wokugxiviza we-foil oshisayo ozenzakalelayo, kwakhiwa ithimba leminyango ehlukahlukene, elihlanganisa ukuthengwa kwempahla, i-R&D, ukukhiqiza kanye nezisebenzi zokulawula ikhwalithi. Esikhathini sokuqala sokuthengwa kwempahla, ithimba lenze ucwaningo olujulile lwemakethe, laqoqa ulwazi kubakhiqizi abajwayelekile abacishe babe ishumi, lavakashela amafekthri amahlanu, futhi lahlola ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukuzinza kanye nokuvumelana nezimo kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuningiliziwe; ngesikhathi esifanayo, baxoxisane nontanga kanye nezinkampani ezikhuphuka nomfula kabanzi ukuze bathole impendulo yokuqala.

Ngemuva kwemizuliswano eminingi yokuhlolwa, imodeli ye-APM's (X) ephezulu yagcina ikhethiwe. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi ukunemba kwayo kwesitembu esishisayo kweqa izinga lemboni, lifinyelela ku-±0.08mm, elingaveza kahle uphawu oluhle lomkhiqizo nokuthungwa okuhle kakhulu; okwesibili, isistimu ye-automation ehlakaniphile ethuthukisiwe ingaxhuma ngaphandle komthungo kulayini wokukhiqiza okhona wenkampani, ibone ukulawulwa kwedijithali okugcwele inqubo, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza; okwesithathu, uhlobo lwe-Heidelberg lunedumela elihle kakhulu emkhakheni wokupakisha okuphezulu, uhlelo oluphelele lwangemva kokuthengisa, kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke okufika ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuzinzile kwemishini.

Izinzuzo zokuthengwa kwempahla zibalulekile, imikhiqizo emisha yethulwa ngesikhathi, ukupakishwa okuhle kwamukelwa kakhulu yimakethe, futhi ukuthengiswa kwekota yokuqala kudlule obekulindelekile ngo-20%. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kukhuphuke ngo-30%, izinga lokungasebenzi kahle kwezitembu ezishisayo lehla lisuka ku-3% laya ngaphansi kuka-1%, lehlisa izindleko zokuphinda kwenziwe kabusha; ukusebenza kwemishini okuzinzile kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula nesikhathi sokuyilungisa, kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza, futhi konga u-10% wezindleko zizonke uma kuqhathaniswa nokulindelwe. Isipiliyoni esifinyeziwe: Ukuma kwesidingo okunembile, ucwaningo lwemakethe olujulile, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ngokubambisana kweminyango eminingi kuwukhiye. Beka kuqala amandla obuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo kanye nesiqinisekiso sangemuva kokuthengisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kuhambisana nentuthuko yesu yesikhathi eside.

6.2 Icala lokuthengwa kwempahla elihlulekile

Inkampani yokudla encane nemaphakathi ithenge umshini wokugxiviza nge-foil oshisayo ozenzakalelayo onenani eliphansi ukuze ulawule izindleko. Lapho benza izinqumo zokuthenga, bagxile kuphela enanini lokuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza, futhi abazange benze uphenyo olunzulu ngekhwalithi namandla omhlinzeki. Ngemva kokuba okokusebenza sekufikile futhi kwafakwa, izinkinga zenzeka kaningi, ukuchezuka kokunemba kokunemba kwesitembu esishisayo kweqa ±0.5mm, iphethini yafiphala, futhi isipoki sasibucayi, okwenza izinga lokukhubazeka kokupakishwa komkhiqizo linyukele ku-15%, elingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zemakethe; ukuzinza okubi, ukwehluleka komshini kwenzeke ngemva kwamahora angu-2 okusebenza okuqhubekayo, ukuvalwa njalo ukuze kulungiswe, ukubambezeleka okukhulu kwenqubekelaphambili yokukhiqiza, ukuphuthelwa yinkathi yokuthengisa ephezulu, ukusilela emuva okukhulu kwama-oda, ukwanda kwezikhalazo zamakhasimende, nokulimala kwesithombe somkhiqizo.

Izizathu yilezi: okokuqala, ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, abahlinzeki basebenzisa izingxenye eziphansi, ezifana nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okungazinzile kwezinto zokushisa kanye nokuguqulwa okulula kwamapuleti ashisayo ashisayo; okwesibili, ucwaningo oluntekenteke lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko, awekho amakhono okuthuthukisa inqubo evuthiwe, futhi ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini; okwesithathu, inqubo yokuthenga yenkampani inezintuba ezinkulu futhi ayinazo izixhumanisi eziqinile zokuhlola ikhwalithi kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabahlinzeki. Ukuthengwa okuhlulekile kulethe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokushintshwa kwemishini, ukwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokulahlekelwa okulahliwe, isinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa kwamakhasimende, njll. Ukulahlekelwa okungaqondile kwenze isabelo semakethe sehle ngo-10%. Isifundo siyisixwayiso esijulile: ukuthenga akumele kuhlulele amaqhawe kuphela ngentengo. Ikhwalithi, ukuzinza kanye nesithunzi sabahlinzeki kubalulekile. Kuphela ngokwenza ngcono inqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla nokuqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi lapho singavimbela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwebhizinisi.

VII. Isiphetho Neziphakamiso

7.1 Isiphetho socwaningo

Lolu cwaningo lwenze ukuhlaziya okujulile kwemakethe yomshini wokugxiviza oshisayo okuzenzakalelayo futhi lathola ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke uyakhula. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okuqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-e-commerce kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukukhuphuka kwezimakethe ezikhulayo, ukuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile nokuluhlaza kwezimboni, kanye nokukhula kwesidingo sokwenza ngokwezifiso kuzoqhubeka nokufaka umfutho embonini. Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, i-automation, intelligence, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi eminingi sekuyinto evamile, okuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwemishini, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza. I-Shenzhen Hejia (APM) yasungulwa kusukela ngo-1997. Njengomkhiqizi wekhwalithi ephezulu yomshini wokunyathelisa isikrini kanye nomphakeli wemishini yokunyathelisa e-China, i-APM PRINT igxile ekuthengisweni kwepulasitiki, imishini yokunyathelisa isikrini sebhodlela lengilazi, imishini yokushisa izitembu nemishini yokunyathelisa ye-pad, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemigqa yokuhlangana okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinsiza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. Yonke imishini yemishini yokuphrinta ikhiqizwa ngokuhambisana namazinga we-CE. Njengoba sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yokuhlangenwe nakho nokusebenza kanzima ku-R&D nasekukhiqizeni, siyakwazi ngokugcwele ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yokuphrinta yesikrini ezenzakalelayo yokupakishwa okuhlukahlukene, njengamabhodlela engilazi, amakepisi ewayini, amabhodlela amanzi, izinkomishi, amabhodlela e-mascara, izindebe zomlomo, izimbiza, amabhokisi kagesi, amabhodlela e-shampoo, amabhakede, njll.