I-Science Behind Offset Printing Machines

Ukunyathelisa nge-Offset kuyindlela yokunyathelisa esetshenziswa kakhulu eye yashintsha kakhulu imboni. Inikeza izixazululo zokunyathelisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingabizi kakhulu zezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphephandaba, omagazini, izincwadi, nezinto zokupakisha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset isebenzisa izimiso zesayensi ukuze ikhiqize imibhalo enembile nekhangayo. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola isayensi yemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset, sihlola izingxenye ezibalulekile, izinqubo, nentuthuko eyenza lobu buchwepheshe busebenze kahle futhi buthembeke.

Umlando Wokuphrinta kwe-Offset

Ngaphambi kokungena kusayensi yemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset, kubalulekile ukubheka kafushane umlando wale nqubo yokunyathelisa eyinguquko. Ukuphrinta kwe-Offset kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 njengenye indlela yokuphrinta ye-letterpress eyayibusa ngaleso sikhathi. Yathola ukuduma ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwayo ngezindlela eziningi okuthuthukisiwe, isivinini, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Inqubo ihilela ukudlulisa uyinki usuka epuletini uye engutsheni yenjoloba ngaphambi kokuwudlulisela endaweni yokunyathelisa. Le ndlela yokunyathelisa engaqondile iqeda isidingo sokucindezela izingcwecwe zokunyathelisa ephepheni, okuholela ekuphrintweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu enezithombe ezibukhali kanye nesiphetho esishelelayo.

Izimiso Zokuphrinta kwe-Offset

Ukuze uqonde isayensi yemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset, kubalulekile ukubamba izimiso eziyisisekelo ezikhona kule nqubo. Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kuncike esimisweni sokuthi uwoyela namanzi akuhlangani. Uyinki osetshenziswa kule nqubo usekelwe kuwoyela, kuyilapho ipuleti lokunyathelisa kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lisebenzisa izixazululo ezisekelwe emanzini. Lo mqondo ubalulekile ekuzuzeni imibhalo enembile nenamandla.

Iqhaza Lezingcwecwe Zokuphrinta

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset isebenzisa amapuleti okuphrinta, ngokuvamile enziwe nge-aluminium noma i-polyester, njengesisekelo sokudala amaphrinti. Lezi zingcwecwe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseleni uyinki endaweni yokunyathelisa. Ahlanganisa ungqimba lwe-photosensitive olusabela ekukhanyeni futhi lube nezinguquko zamakhemikhali, ekugcineni lwakha isithombe esizonyatheliswa. Amapuleti afakwe kumasilinda ngaphakathi komshini wokunyathelisa, okuvumela ukuphrinta okunembayo nokungaguquguquki.

Enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-plate imaging, amapuleti okuphrinta avezwa ekukhanyeni okukhulu, ngokuvamile esebenzisa amalaser noma ama-light-emitting diode (ama-LED). Ukuchayeka kubangela ukuthi isendlalelo se-photosensitive sibe lukhuni ezindaweni lapho isithombe sizophrintwa khona, kuyilapho izindawo ezingezona izithombe zihlala zithambile. Lo mehluko wenza isisekelo sokudluliswa kukayinki phakathi nenqubo yokuphrinta.

Ukuqonda Inqubo Ye-Offset

Inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset ihilela izigaba ezimbalwa ezihlukene ezifaka isandla kwikhwalithi yayo yokuphrinta eyingqayizivele nokusebenza kahle. Lezi zigaba zifaka phakathi imisebenzi yokushicilela, ukuphrinta, kanye ne-post-press.

Cindezela

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukunyathelisa, imisebenzi yokunyathelisa kusengaphambili ilungisa amapuleti okunyathelisa futhi uqiniseke ukuthi aqondaniswe ngokunembile. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izithombe zamapuleti, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lapho amapuleti evezwa khona ekukhanyeni ukuze akhe isithombe. Ukwengeza, i-prepress ihlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokulungiselela umsebenzi wobuciko, ukuhlukaniswa kwemibala, nokufaka - ukuhlelwa kwamakhasi amaningi epuleti elilodwa lokuphrinta ukuze aphrinte ngempumelelo.

Ukuphrinta

Uma isigaba sokushicilela sesiphelile, inqubo yokuphrinta yangempela iyaqala. Emishinini yokunyathelisa ye-offset, uyinki ususwa epuletini uye endaweni yokunyathelisa ngesilinda esiphakathi sengubo. Uchungechunge lwamarola lulawula ukuhamba kukayinki, luqinisekisa ukutholakala okunembayo nokungaguquguquki kuyo yonke inqubo yokuphrinta. Isilinda sengubo, esimbozwe ngengubo yenjoloba, samukela uyinki epuletini bese siwudlulisela endaweni okunyathelisa kuyo, ngokuvamile ephepheni.

Le ndlela yokudlulisa engaqondile, lapho uyinki eqala ukuhlangana nengubo yenjoloba ngaphambi kokufika ephepheni, yiyona eyenza ukunyathelisa kwe-offset kubizwe ngokuthi. Ngokusebenzisa ingubo yenjoloba eqinile, ukunyathelisa kwe-offset kuqeda ukucindezela okuqondile okutholakala kwezinye izindlela zokunyathelisa, okuholela ekugugeni nasekudabukeni kwamapuleti okunyathelisa. Iphinde inikeze amandla ukuphrinta kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinokwakheka okuhlukile kwendawo, ubukhulu, kanye nokuqedwa.

I-Post-Press

Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokuphrinta isiqediwe, imisebenzi yokunyathelisa iyenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto eziphrintiwe zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Le misebenzi ingase ihlanganise ukusika, ukubopha, ukugoqa, nokunye ukuthinta kokuqeda ukuze ulethe umkhiqizo wokugcina ohlangabezana nokucaciswa okufunayo. Ukubhaliswa okunembile okuzuzwe phakathi nenqubo yokunyathelisa ye-offset kunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni okunembile kwalezi zinqubo zangemuva kokushicilela.

Isayensi Yoyinki Nemibala

Ukusetshenziswa kukayinki kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphrinta kwe-offset, okuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi nokudlidliza kwemiphumela ephrintiwe. Oyinki abasetshenziswa emishinini yokuphrinta ye-offset imvamisa basuselwa kuwoyela futhi baqukethe ama-pigments adala imibala oyifunayo. Lezi mibala ziyizinhlayiya ezigaywe kahle ezihlanganiswe namafutha ukuze zakhe uyinki obushelelezi futhi ongashintshi. Imvelo ye-inki esekelwe ngamafutha iqinisekisa ukuthi ibambelela kumacwecwe okuphrinta futhi idluliselwa kalula endaweni yokunyathelisa.

Ukuphathwa kombala kungenye ingxenye yesayensi yokuphrinta kwe-offset. Ukuthola imibala enembile nengaguquguquki kuwo wonke amaphrinti ahlukene nemisebenzi yokuphrinta kudinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela koyinki bemibala nokulinganiswa komshini wokuphrinta. Izikhungo zokunyathelisa ezichwepheshile zisebenzisa amasistimu okulawula imibala kanye nesofthiwe ekhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kokukhiqizwa kombala.

Intuthuko Emishini Yokuphrinta Ye-Offset

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset ibone intuthuko eminingi kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi neminyaka edlule, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo namandla ayo. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuholele ekuthuthukisweni ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengejubane lokuphrinta, ukunemba kombala, ukuzenzekelayo, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.

Isivinini Sokuphrinta Nokukhiqiza

Ngokuthuthuka kwemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset, ijubane lokuphrinta liye landa kakhulu. Imishini yesimanje ingakhiqiza izinkulungwane zamaphrinti ngehora, okwehlisa kakhulu isikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lesi sivinini esengeziwe sivumela ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha, okwenza ukuphrinta kwe-offset kube ukukhetha okuhle kokuphrinta okukhulu.

Ukunemba Kombala

Intuthuko ezinhlelweni zokulawula imibala kanye nezilawuli zekhompiyutha ziye zakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kombala ekunyatheliseni nge-offset. Amasu ayinkimbinkimbi okwenza iphrofayela yemibala, ama-spectrophotometers, nesofthiwe yokulinganisa umbala inika amandla ukulawula okunembile phezu kokukhiqizwa kombala, okuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kuwo wonke amaphrinti amaningi.

Okuzenzakalelayo kanye Nokunemba

I-automation ibe yimbangela eyinhloko yokusebenza kahle kwemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset. Amasistimu alawulwa ngekhompuyutha enza imisebenzi efana nokulayishwa kwepuleti, ukusatshalaliswa kukayinki, nokubhaliswa, ukunciphisa amaphutha omuntu nokwandisa ukunemba kukonke. Lokhu kuzenzakalela futhi kuvumela ukusethwa okulula kanye noshintsho olusheshayo lomsebenzi, okuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukukhiqiza.

Ukusimama Kwemvelo

Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kwenze igxathu elibalulekile ekubeni nemvelo enobungani. Ukusetshenziswa koyinki asekelwe ku-soy kanye nemifino kuthathe indawo ye-inks ye-petroleum yendabuko, kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokunyathelisa. Ukwengeza, inqubekelaphambili ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwe-inki nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphrinta ezingenamanzi ze-offset kuphinde kwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokudala imfucuza.

Isifinyezo

Imishini yokuphrinta ye-offset isebenzisa isayensi ngemuva kokudlulisa uyinki, ukuthwebula izithombe zepuleti, nokuphathwa kombala ukuze ilethe amaphrinti ekhwalithi ephezulu kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwezingcwecwe zokunyathelisa, inqubo ye-offset, nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kuye kwayishintsha kakhulu imboni yokunyathelisa. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwejubane, ukunemba kombala, ezishintshayo, nokusimama, ukuphrinta kwe-offset kuseyindlela ebalulekile neyinkimbinkimbi yokuphrinta. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhiqiza amaphephandaba, omagazini, izincwadi, noma izinto zokupakisha, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset iyaqhubeka inendima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokunyathelisa zezimboni ezihlukahlukene.