yintoni umatshini wokushicilela we-offset

Ushicilelo lwe-Offset yindlela yoshicilelo esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo apho umfanekiso weinki ukhutshelwa (okanye "i-offset") ukusuka kwipleyiti ukuya kwingubo yerabha, emva koko ukuya kwindawo yokushicilela. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-offset lithography, njengoko isekelwe kumgaqo wokuba ioli kunye namanzi azixubani. Le ndlela yoshicilelo eguquguqukayo nekumgangatho ophezulu ibingumgangatho woshishino iminyaka emininzi kwaye iyaqhubeka iyindlela yokukhetha kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zoshicilelo.

Yintoni umatshini wokushicilela we-offset?

Oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokushicilela ngeoffset. Aba matshini banoxanduva lokudlulisela umfanekiso we-inki ukusuka kwipleyiti yokushicilela ukuya kwindawo yokushicilela, ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu, ochanekileyo, kunye noshicilelo oluhambelanayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokushicilela beoffset, kuquka iinxalenye zabo, imigaqo yokusebenza, iindidi kunye neengenelo.

Amacandelo oomatshini bokushicilela be-offset

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset baquka amacandelo aphambili aliqela asebenzisanayo ukuvelisa ushicilelo olukumgangatho ophezulu. La malungu aquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Ipleyiti yokuprinta:

Ipleyiti yokushicilela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yoshicilelo lwe-offset. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngeshiti elicekethekileyo lentsimbi (elifana ne-aluminiyam) kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umfanekiso kwindawo yokushicilela. Umfanekiso kwipleyiti udalwe kusetyenziswa i-emulsion ye-photosensitive evezwe ekukhanyeni ngefilimu engalunganga. Iindawo ezivezwayo ziyakwazi ukwamkela amanzi, ngelixa iindawo ezingavezwanga ziwagxotha amanzi kwaye zitsala i-inki.

Ipleyiti yokushicilela ixhonywa kwisilinda somatshini wokushicilela weoffset, apho ifumana i-inki kwiirola ze-inki ize idlulisele umfanekiso kwingubo yerabha. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacwecwe okushicilela, kubandakanywa iipleyiti eziqhelekileyo, i-CTP (i-computer-to-plate) iiplate, kunye neeprosesa ezingenamsebenzi, nganye inikezela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wokushicilela.

2. Isilinda ngengubo:

Isilinda sengubo yinxalenye ephambili yomatshini wokushicilela we-offset odlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudluliseleni umfanekiso weinki ukusuka kwipleyiti ukuya kwindawo yokushicilela. Igqunywe ngengubo yerabha eshinyeneyo efumana umfanekiso weinki kwipleyiti ize iwudlulisele ephepheni okanye kwezinye izinto zokushicilela. I-cylinder ye-blanket iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuhambelanayo kunye nokuchanekileyo komfanekiso, okubangelwa ukuprintwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu eneenkcukacha ezibukhali kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo.

Isilinda esisigqubuthelo senziwe ngendlela yokuba ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nokungqubana okubandakanyekileyo kwinkqubo yokushicilela ngeoffset. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kunye noqhagamshelwano nephepha ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-inki efanayo kunye nomgangatho wokuprinta ohambelanayo.

3. Iyunithi ye-inki:

Iyunithi ye-inki yomatshini wokushicilela we-offset inoxanduva lokubonelela nge-inki kwipleyiti yokushicilela kunye nokugcina amanqanaba e-inki afanelekileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokushicilela. Iqulathe imithombo ye-inki, iirola ze-inki, kunye nezitshixo ze-inki ezisebenza kunye ukulawula ukuhamba kwe-inki kwipleyiti kunye nokuqinisekisa ukugqunywa kwe-inki okungaguqukiyo.

Imithombo ye-inki ibambe unikezelo lwe-inki kwaye ixhotyiswe ngezitshixo ze-inki ezilungelelanisiweyo ezilawula ubungakanani be-inki edluliselwe kwiirola ze-inki. Iirola ze-inki emva koko zisasaze i-inki ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umphezulu wepleyiti, ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuchanekileyo kunye okufanayo komfanekiso. Iyunithi ye-inki yenzelwe ukuhambisa inani elichanekileyo le-inki ukufumana imibala eqaqambileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezicacileyo kushicilelo lokugqibela.

4. Iyunithi yeendaba:

Iyunithi yokushicilela yomatshini wokushicilela we-offset inoxanduva lokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko ukudlulisa umfanekiso we-inki ukusuka kwipleyiti ukuya kwindawo yokushicilela. Iqukethe ipleyiti kunye neesilinda zengubo, kunye namanye amacandelo afana neesilinda zokubonisa kunye neenkqubo zokudambisa. Iyunithi yokushicilela iqinisekisa ukuba umfanekiso we-inki udluliselwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo kwiphepha, okubangela ukuprintwa komgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezibukhali kunye nokuveliswa kombala obalaseleyo.

Iyunithi yoshicilelo ixhotyiswe ngolawulo oluphucukileyo kunye neendlela zokugcina uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamacandelo okushicilela, ukuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-inki efanayo. Yenzelwe ukuthwala ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bephepha kunye nobukhulu, ivumela ushicilelo oluguquguqukayo nolusebenzayo.

5. Iyunithi yokuhanjiswa:

Iyunithi yokuhanjiswa komatshini wokushicilela we-offset inoxanduva lokufumana amaphepha aprintiweyo kwiyunithi yokushicilela kunye nokuwahambisa kwi-stack okanye kwi-tray output. Iqukethe i-roller rollers, izikhokelo zephepha, kunye nezinye iindlela ezilawula ukuhamba kwamaphepha aprintiweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuqokelela. Iyunithi yokuhanjiswa yenzelwe ukuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu bephepha kunye nobukhulu, okuvumela ukuveliswa okusebenzayo nokuthembekileyo.

Iyunithi yonikezelo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokushicilela i-offset, njengoko inoxanduva lokuqokelela amaphepha ashicilelweyo kunye nokuwalungiselela ukuqhutyelwa phambili okanye ukuhanjiswa. Kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imveliso egudileyo kwaye engaguqukiyo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla, kunye nokwandisa umthamo woshicilelo jikelele womatshini.

Imigaqo yokusebenza koomatshini bokushicilela beoffset

Imigaqo yokusebenza koomatshini bokushicilela beoffset isekelwe kwinkqubo yeoffset lithography, ebandakanya ukusebenzisana kwe-inki, amanzi, nokushicilela umgangatho ophezulu wokushicilela. La manyathelo alandelayo achaza imigaqo esisiseko yokusebenza koomatshini bokushicilela beoffset:

-Ukuvezwa komfanekiso kunye nokulungiselela ipleyiti:

Inkqubo yoshicilelo ye-offset iqala ngokulungiswa kwepleyiti yokushicilela, ebandakanya ukuveza i-emulsion ye-photosensitive kwipleyiti ekukhanyeni ngefilimu engalunganga. Iindawo eziveziweyo zepleyiti ziba zamkelekileyo zamanzi, ngelixa iindawo ezingabonakaliyo zigxotha amanzi kwaye zikhangele inki. Oku kudala umfanekiso oza kudluliselwa kwindawo yoshicilelo.

- I-inki kunye nebhalansi yamanzi:

Sakuba silungisiwe ipleyiti, ixhonywa kumbhobho wepleyiti yomatshini wokushicilela weoffset, apho ifumana i-inki kwiirola ze-inki namanzi aphuma kwinkqubo yokumanzisa. Iirola ze-inki zisasaza i-inki kwipleyiti, ngelixa inkqubo yokudambisa imanzisa iindawo ezingezizo umfanekiso ukugxotha i-inki. Le bhalansi ye-inki kunye namanzi iqinisekisa ukuba kuphela iindawo zomfanekiso zikhanga i-inki, ngelixa iindawo ezingezizo umfanekiso ziyayigxotha, okubangela ukuhanjiswa okucocekileyo kunye nokuchanekileyo.

-Ugqithiso lwemifanekiso kunye ne-blanket offset:

Njengoko ipleyiti ijikeleza, umfanekiso weinki ukhutshelwa kwingubo yerabha yesilinda. I-cylinder yengubo emva koko idlulisela umfanekiso we-inki kwiphepha okanye ezinye izinto zokuprinta, okukhokelela ekushicileleni komgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezibukhali kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo. Umgaqo-siseko we-offset ubhekisela ekutshintsheni ngokuthe ngqo komfanekiso ukusuka kwipleyiti ukuya kwindawo yokushicilela ngengubo yerabha, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwe-inki ehambelanayo kunye neyunifomu.

-Ushicilelo kunye nokuhanjiswa:

Iyunithi yoshicilelo isebenzisa uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko ukuhambisa umfanekiso we-inki ephepheni, iqinisekisa ubhaliso oluchanekileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwe-inki olungaguqukiyo. Amaphepha ashicilelweyo athunyelwa kwi-stack okanye kwi-tray ye-output yiyunithi yokuhanjiswa, apho anokuqokelela khona, aqhutywe, kwaye alungiselelwe ukuhanjiswa.

Ngokubanzi, imigaqo yokusebenza koomatshini bokushicilela be-offset isekelwe ekugqithiseni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchanekileyo kwemifanekiso ye-inki ukusuka kwipleyiti ukuya kwindawo yokushicilela, okukhokelela kwiiprinta ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinombala obalaseleyo kunye neenkcukacha.

Iindidi zoomatshini bokushicilela be-offset

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset beza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nolungelelwaniso ukulungiselela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo kunye nezicelo. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini bokushicilela be-offset:

1. Umatshini wokushicilela we-offset owenziwe ngamashiti:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Sheet-fed be-offset bayilelwe ukuprinta kumaphepha ephepha okanye enye imathiriyeli yoshicilelo, ibenza bafaneleke kushicilelo oluncinane ukuya koluphakathi kunye nosetyenziso olukhethekileyo. Aba matshini banokuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lobungakanani bephepha kunye nobukhulu, banikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwizakhono zokushicilela. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukushicilelwa kwezorhwebo, ukupakishwa, kunye neeprojekthi zokushicilela ezizodwa.

Oomatshini boshicilelo be-Sheet-fed offset bafumaneka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umbala omnye, imibala emininzi, kunye nokhetho loshicilelo lwe-UV. Baxhotyiswe ngolawulo oluphambili kunye neempawu ezizenzekelayo zokuqinisekisa imveliso yoshicilelo olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo. Zikulungele ukuvelisa iiprinta ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokubhaliswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuchaneka kombala.

2. Umatshini wokushicilela we-web offset:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-web offset benzelwe ukuprinta kwimiqulu eqhubekayo yephepha okanye ezinye izinto zoshicilelo ezisekelwe kwiwebhu, ezenza zibe zilungele ukuqhutyelwa koshicilelo oluphezulu kunye neendawo zokuvelisa ezikhawulezayo. Aba matshini badla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuprinta amaphephandaba, amaphephancwadi kunye noshicilelo, kunye noshicilelo lwezorhwebo nezicelo zeposi ezithe ngqo.

Oomatshini bokushicilela be<em>web offset banika amandla okushicilela ngesantya esiphezulu nemveliso ephumelelayo, nto leyo ebenza bafanelekele iiprojekthi zokushicilela ezinkulu. Zikhona kuqwalaselo olwahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iwebhu enye kunye neenketho ezimbini zewebhu, kunye ne-heatset kunye ne-coldset yoshicilelo. Baxhotyiswe nge-web-handling kunye neenkqubo zolawulo loxinzelelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziphumo zoshicilelo ezichanekileyo nezihambelanayo.

3. Umatshini wokushicilela weDigital offset:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Digital offset badibanisa iingenelo zoshicilelo lwe-offset kunye nokuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kobugcisa bokushicilela idijithali. Aba matshini basebenzisa iteknoloji ye-computer-to-plate (CTP) ukuvelisa iiprinta ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye namaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuveliswa kweendleko. Zikulungele ukuqhutywa koshicilelo olufutshane, ushicilelo oluguquguqukayo lwedatha, kunye nezicelo zoshicilelo olufunekayo.

Oomatshini bokushicilela beDigital offset banika ukuveliswa kombala ochanekileyo, iinkcukacha ezibukhali, kunye nomgangatho wokushicilela ongaguqukiyo, okubenza bafanelekele uluhlu olubanzi lweeprojekthi zorhwebo, ukupakishwa, kunye nokushicilela intengiso. Baxhotyiswe nge-imaging ephambili kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umbala ukuqinisekisa ukuprinta okuchanekileyo kunye nokubonakalayo. Zikwanobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, njengoko zinciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokushicilela ze-offset zemveli.

4. Umatshini wokushicilela weHybrid offset:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Hybrid offset badibanisa izakhono ze-offset kunye ne-digital printing technologies ukunika isisombululo sokushicilela esiguquguqukayo nesiguquguqukayo. Aba matshini benzelwe ukuphatha zombini iinkqubo zokuprinta kunye nedijithali, ukuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye nokuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo. Zilungele ababoneleli boshicilelo abafuna ukwandisa amandla abo kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo.

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Hybrid offset banikezela ngeenzuzo zokuprintwa kwe-offset, ezifana nokuveliswa kombala ophezulu kunye nokuveliswa kweendleko, ezidityaniswe neenzuzo zokuprintwa kwedijithali, ezifana nokuprintwa okufutshane kunye nokushicilela idatha eguquguqukayo. Baxhotyiswe ngolawulo oluphezulu kunye neempawu ezizenzekelayo zokwandisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa. Zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshicilelo, kubandakanywa urhwebo, ukupakisha, kunye neeprojekthi zoshicilelo zomntu.

5. Umatshini wokushicilela we-UV offset:

Oomatshini bokuprinta be-UV basebenzisa itekhnoloji yokunyanga i-ultraviolet (UV) ukomisa kwangoko kunye nokunyanga i-inki ngexesha lenkqubo yokushicilela, ivumela isantya sokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuveliswa kombala odlamkileyo. Aba matshini balungele ukuprinta kwii-substrates ezingabambiyo kunye nezikhethekileyo, kunye nezicelo ezifuna amaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokugqitywa komgangatho ophezulu.

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-UV banikezela ngomgangatho obalaseleyo wokuprinta, iinkcukacha ezibukhali, kunye nokuchaneka kombala okungaguqukiyo, okubenza bafanelekele uluhlu olubanzi lweeprojekthi zokuprinta kunye nokupakisha. Baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokunyanga ze-UV eziphucukileyo kunye neenketho zokugqiba emgceni ukunyusa imveliso yoshicilelo kunye nokongeza ixabiso kushicilelo lokugqibela. Zikwanobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, njengoko zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nenkunkuma xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokushicilela ze-offset zendabuko.

Lilonke, iindidi ngeendidi zoomatshini bokushicilela beoffset babonelela ngezisombululo eziguquguqukayo nezisebenzayo zokuprinta ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo kunye nosetyenziso. Nokuba ngoomatshini abancinci okanye abakhulu bokushicilela, iiprojekthi zorhwebo okanye ezizodwa zokushicilela, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset babonelela ngeziphumo zokushicilela ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezingatshintshiyo.

Izinto eziluncedo koomatshini bokushicilela be-offset

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset banika iingenelo ezininzi ezibenza babe ukhetho oludumileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshicilelo. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zeengenelo eziphambili zokusebenzisa oomatshini bokushicilela be-offset:

- Ushicilelo olukumgangatho ophezulu:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset bayakwazi ukuvelisa ushicilelo olukumgangatho ophezulu ngobhaliso oluchanekileyo, iinkcukacha ezibukhali, kunye nokuveliswa kwemibala edlamkileyo. Inkqubo yoshicilelo ye-offset ivumela ukudluliselwa kwe-inki okufanayo, okukhokelela kumgangatho obalaseleyo wokushicilela kunye nokugqitywa kobugcisa. Enoba yeyentengiso, ukupakisha, okanye iiprojekthi zoshicilelo ezizodwa, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset bazisa iziphumo ezikhethekileyo zokushicilela.

- Imveliso enexabiso eliphantsi:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset baneendleko-zokusebenza kumaphepha amakhulu oshicilelo, njengoko banikezela ngemveliso esebenzayo kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Ngokukwazi ukuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu bephepha kunye nobukhulu, kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokushicilela, oomatshini bokushicilela be-offset babonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwimveliso. Bakwanikezela ngeziphumo zokushicilela ezingaguqukiyo nezithembekileyo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuprintwa kwakhona.

-Amandla oshicilelo ahlukeneyo:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset banezinto ezininzi kwaye banokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokushicilela kunye nosetyenziso. Nokuba ngowombala omnye okanye woshicilelo olunemibala emininzi, isiseko esisemgangathweni okanye esikhethekileyo, oomatshini bokushicilela be-offset babonelela ngokuguquguquka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ziyilungele kakuhle iiprojekthi zorhwebo, ukupakishwa, kunye nopapasho lopapasho, kunye nezicelo zoshicilelo ezizezakho nezifunekayo.

-Izinzile kunye ne-eco-friendly:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset bahambelana nokusingqongileyo, njengoko benciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokushicilela. Inkqubo yoshicilelo ye-offset isebenzisa ii-inks ezisekelwe kwimifuno kunye ne-low-VOC (i-volatile organic compound) i-solvents, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokushicilela. Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa ngobuchule koomatshini bokushicilela beoffset kufak’ isandla kuqheliselo lokushicilela oluzinzileyo nolunenkathalo.

-Imveliso ehambelanayo nethembekileyo:

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-Offset banikezela ngemveliso ehambelanayo nethembekileyo, eqinisekisa ukuba ushicilelo ngalunye lukumgangatho ophezulu kwaye luhlangabezana neenkcukacha ezifunwayo. Inkqubo yoshicilelo yeoffset ivumela ukuchaneka kombala ochanekileyo, ukubhaliswa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuveliswa kwemifanekiso ebukhali, okukhokelela kwimiphumo engaguqukiyo neyobugcisa bokushicilela. Enoba ngoomatshini bokushicilela omfutshane okanye abade, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset bavelisa imveliso ethembekileyo.

Ngamafutshane, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset babonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi ezenza ukuba zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zoshicilelo. Ngeempapasho ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukuveliswa kweendleko, izakhono eziguquguqukayo, izenzo ezizinzileyo, kunye nemveliso ethembekileyo, oomatshini bokushicilela be-offset bayinto ebalulekileyo kubaboneleli bokushicilela kunye namashishini ajonge ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zokushicilela.

Ukuqukumbela, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoshicilelo, babonelela ngezisombululo eziguquguqukayo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, nezingabizi kakhulu. Ngamacandelo awo ahlukeneyo, imigaqo yokusebenza, iindidi, kunye noncedo, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni ushicilelo olunobugcisa noluhambelanayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Enoba ngoomatshini bokushicilela, ukupakisha, ukuthengisa, okanye ukwenziwa komntu ngamnye, oomatshini bokushicilela beoffset bavelisa iziphumo ezibalaseleyo yaye bafak’ isandla ekushicileleni ngendlela ezinzileyo nenenkathalo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, oomatshini bokushicilela be-offset baya kuqhubeka bevela kwaye balungele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zeshishini lokushicilela, ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokushicilela ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.