uyini umshini wokuphrinta we-offset

Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kuyindlela yokuphrinta evame ukusetshenziswa lapho isithombe esibhalwe uyinki sidluliswa khona (noma "i-offset") sisuka epuletini siye kwembethe yenjoloba, bese siyiswa endaweni yokuphrinta. Ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-offset lithography, njengoba isekelwe esimisweni sokuthi uwoyela namanzi akuhlangani. Le ndlela yokunyathelisa eguquguqukayo nesezingeni eliphezulu ibilokhu iyindinganiso yemboni iminyaka eminingi futhi isaqhubeka nokuba yiyona ndlela yokuzikhethela kumaphrojekthi amaningi wokunyathelisa.

Uyini umshini wokuphrinta we-offset?

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset iyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokunyathelisa ye-offset. Le mishini inomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa isithombe esinoyinki sisuka epuletini lokuphrinta siye endaweni yokuphrinta, sikhiqize ukuphrinta kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okunembile, nokungaguquguquki. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezihlukahlukene zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zayo, izimiso zokusebenza, izinhlobo, kanye nezinzuzo.

Izingxenye zemishini yokuphrinta ye-offset

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset inezingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zikhiqize ukuphrinta kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

1. Ipuleti lokuphrinta:

Ipuleti lokuphrinta liyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset. Ngokuvamile lenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi elincanyana (elifana ne-aluminium) futhi lisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa isithombe endaweni yokuphrinta. Isithombe esisepuletini senziwa kusetshenziswa i-emulsion ye-photosensitive evezwa ekukhanyeni ngefilimu enegethivu. Izindawo eziveziwe ziyakwazi ukwamukela amanzi, kanti izindawo ezingavezwanga ziyawaxosha futhi zihehe uyinki.

Ipuleti lokunyathelisa ligxunyekwe kusilinda sepuleti lomshini wokunyathelisa we-offset, lapho lithola khona uyinki kumarola ayinki bese lidlulisela isithombe phezu kwengubo yenjoloba. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapuleti okuphrinta, okuhlanganisa amapuleti avamile, amapuleti e-CTP (i-computer-to-plate), namapuleti angenanqubo, ngalinye linikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ngokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta.

2. Isilinda sengubo:

Isilinda sengubo siyingxenye eyinhloko yomshini wokunyathelisa we-offset odlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni isithombe esinoyinki sisuka epuletini siye endaweni yokunyathelisa. Imbozwe ngengubo yenjoloba ewugqinsi ethola isithombe esiyinki epuletini bese isidlulisela ephepheni noma kwezinye izinto zokunyathelisa. Isilinda sengubo siqinisekisa ukudluliswa okungaguquki nokunemba kwesithombe, okuholela ekuphrinteni kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngemininingwane ebukhali nemibala egqamile.

Isilinda sengubo siklanyelwe ukuba siqine futhi siqine, sikwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi nokungqubuzana okuhilelekile enqubweni yokunyathelisa ye-offset. Kubalulekile futhi ekugcineni ingcindezi efanele kanye nokuxhumana nephepha ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwe-inki efanayo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta engaguquki.

3. Iyunithi kayinki:

Iyunithi ye-inki yomshini wokuphrinta we-offset inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngoyinki epuleti lokuphrinta nokugcina amazinga kayinki afanele nokusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokuphrinta. Iqukethe imithombo ye-inki, amarola ayi-inki, nokhiye abayinki abasebenza ndawonye ukuze balawule ukugeleza kukayinki epuletini nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kukayinki okungaguquki.

Imithombo ye-inki ibamba ukunikezwa kukayinki futhi ifakwe izikhiye zikayinki ezilungisekayo ezilawula inani likayinki elidluliselwa kumarola ayinki. Amarola ayinki abe esesakaza uyinki ngokulinganayo endaweni yonke yepuleti, eqinisekisa ukudluliswa okunembile nokufana kwesithombe. Iyunithi ye-inki iklanyelwe ukuletha inani elilungile likayinki ukuze kuzuzwe imibala egqamile kanye nemininingwane ecacile kumaphrinti okugcina.

4. Iyunithi yabezindaba:

Iyunithi yokunyathelisa yomshini wokuphrinta we-offset inesibopho sokusebenzisa ingcindezi edingekayo ukuze udlulise isithombe esinoyinki sisuka epuletini siye endaweni yokuphrinta. Iqukethe ipuleti kanye namasilinda engubo, kanye nezinye izingxenye ezifana namasilinda okubonisa kanye nezinhlelo zokudambisa. Iyunithi yabezindaba iqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe esiyinki sidluliswa ngokunembile nangokuqhubekayo ephepheni, okuholela ekuphrinteni kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngemininingwane ebukhali kanye nokuvezwa kabusha kombala okuhle kakhulu.

Iyunithi yokunyathelisa ifakwe izilawuli eziyinkimbinkimbi nezindlela zokugcina ingcindezi efanele kanye nokuhlelwa kwezingxenye zokunyathelisa, iqinisekisa ukubhaliswa okunembile kanye nokudluliselwa kweyinki efanayo. Iklanyelwe ukuthwala osayizi bephepha nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okuvumela amakhono okuphrinta ahlukahlukene futhi asebenzayo.

5. Iyunithi yokulethwa:

Iyunithi yokulethwa yomshini wokuphrinta we-offset inesibopho sokwamukela amashidi aphrintiwe eyunithi yokushicilela futhi iwahambise kusitaki noma kuthreyi yokukhiphayo. Iqukethe amarola okulethwa, imihlahlandlela yeshidi, nezinye izindlela ezilawula ukunyakaza kwamashidi aphrintiwe futhi ziqinisekise ukupakishwa nokuqoqwa okufanele. Iyunithi yokulethwa iklanyelwe ukuphatha ububanzi obubanzi bephepha nobukhulu bephepha, okuvumela ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile.

Iyunithi yokulethwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset, njengoba inesibopho sokuqoqa amaphepha aphrintiwe futhi iwalungiselele ukuze aqhutshekiswe noma asatshalaliswe. Kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe okukhiphayo okushelelayo nokungaguquguquki, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, nokukhulisa umthamo wokuphrinta womshini wonke.

Izimiso zokusebenza zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset

Izimiso zokusebenza zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset zisekelwe enqubweni ye-offset lithography, ehilela ukusebenzisana kukayinki, amanzi, nezindawo zokunyathelisa ukuze kukhiqizwe amaphrinti ekhwalithi ephezulu. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziveza izimiso zokusebenza eziyisisekelo zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset:

- Ukuvezwa kwesithombe nokulungiswa kwamapuleti:

Inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset iqala ngokulungiswa kwepuleti lokuphrinta, okubandakanya ukuveza i-emulsion ye-photosensitive epuletini ukuze ikhanyise ngefilimu enegethivu. Izindawo eziveziwe zepuleti ziyakwazi ukwamukela amanzi, kanti izindawo ezingaveziwe zixosha amanzi futhi zihehe uyinki. Lokhu kudala isithombe esizodluliselwa endaweni yokuphrinta.

- Ibhalansi kayinki namanzi:

Lapho ipuleti selilungisiwe, lifakwa kusilinda sepuleti lomshini wokunyathelisa we-offset, lapho lithola khona uyinki kumarola ayinki namanzi esimisweni sokumanzisa. Amarola ayinki asabalalisa uyinki epuletini, kuyilapho isistimu yokumanzisa imanzisa izindawo okungezona izithombe ukuze ixoshe uyinki. Le bhalansi kayinki namanzi iqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zesithombe kuphela eziheha uyinki, kuyilapho izindawo ezingezona ezithombe ziyawuxosha, okuholela ekudlulisweni okuhlanzekile nokunembayo.

- Ukudluliswa kwesithombe kanye ne-blanket offset:

Njengoba ipuleti lizungeza, isithombe esiyinki sidluliselwa engubeni yenjoloba yesilinda sengubo. Isilinda sengubo sibe sesidlulisela isithombe esiyinki ephepheni noma kwezinye izinto zokuphrinta, okuholela ekuphrinteni kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngemininingwane ebukhali nemibala egqamile. Isimiso se-offset sibhekisela ekudlulisweni okungaqondile kwesithombe ukusuka epuletini ukuya endaweni yokunyathelisa ngengubo yerabha, okuvumela ukudluliswa kweyinki okungaguquki nokufana.

- Ukuphrinta nokulethwa:

Iyunithi yabezindaba isebenzisa ingcindezi edingekayo ukuze idlulisele isithombe esiyinki ephepheni, iqinisekisa ukubhaliswa okunembile kanye nokufakwa kukayinki okungaguquki. Amashidi aphrintiwe abe esehanjiswa kusitaki noma kuthreyi yokukhiphayo yiyunithi yokulethwa, lapho angaqoqwa khona, acutshungulwe, futhi alungiselelwe ukusatshalaliswa.

Sekukonke, izimiso zokusebenza zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset zisekelwe ekudluliseleni okuphumelelayo nokunembayo kwezithombe ezinoyinki zisuka epuletini ziye endaweni yokunyathelisa, okuphumela ekuphrintweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu okunokukhiqizwa kombala okuhle kakhulu kanye nemininingwane.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokuphrinta ye-offset

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokucushwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokuphrinta kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Okulandelayo ezinye zezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemishini yokuphrinta ye-offset:

1. Umshini wokuphrinta we-offset weshidi:

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset ye-sheet-feed iklanyelwe ukuphrinta ephepheni ngalinye noma enye impahla yokuphrinta, iyenze ibe ilungele ukunyathelisa okuncane kuya kokuphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Le mishini ingakwazi ukuphatha ububanzi obubanzi bephepha nobukhulu bephepha, inikeza ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka emandleni okuphrinta. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwezentengiselwano, ukupakisha, kanye namaphrojekthi okuphrinta okukhethekile.

Imishini yokuphrinta ye-offset yeshidi iyatholakala ekucushweni okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinketho zombala owodwa, imibala eminingi, kanye ne-UV. Zifakwe izilawuli ezithuthukisiwe nezici ezizenzakalelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kokuphrinta okusebenzayo nokuthembekile. Zifanele ukukhiqiza ukuphrinta kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokubhaliswa okunembile nokunemba kombala.

2. Umshini wokuphrinta we-web offset:

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-web offset iklanyelwe ukuphrinta emigqeni eqhubekayo yephepha noma ezinye izinto zokunyathelisa ezisekelwe kuwebhu, okuyenza ibe ilungele ukugijima kokuphrinta kwevolumu ephezulu kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezisheshayo. Le mishini ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunyathelisa amaphephandaba, omagazini, nokunyathelisa, kanye nokunyathelisa ngenjongo yokudayisa kanye nezicelo zeposi eziqondile.

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Web offset inikeza amakhono okunyathelisa anesivinini esikhulu kanye nokukhiqiza okuphumelelayo, okuyenza ifanelekele imisebenzi emikhulu yokunyathelisa. Atholakala ekucushweni okuhlukahlukene, okufaka phakathi izinketho zewebhu eyodwa kanye ne-double web, kanye nekhono lokushisisa kanye nekhono lokuphrinta le-coldset. Bahlonyiswe ngamasistimu okuphatha iwebhu athuthukisiwe kanye nokulawula ukushuba kwesimo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokuphrinta enembile futhi engaguquki.

3. Umshini wokuphrinta we-Digital offset:

Imishini yokuphrinta ye-Digital offset ihlanganisa izinzuzo zokuphrinta kwe-offset nokuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bedijithali. Le mishini isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-computer-to-plate (CTP) ukuze ikhiqize amaphrinti ekhwalithi ephezulu anezikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha kanye nokukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu. Zilungele ukuphrinta okufushane okugijimayo, ukuphrinta kwedatha okuguquguqukayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphrinta ezidingeka kakhulu.

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Digital offset inikeza ukukhiqizwa kombala okunembayo, imininingwane ebukhali, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta engaguquki, okuyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwamaphrojekthi wokuphrinta wezohwebo, wokupakisha nowokukhangisa. Afakwe ngezithombe ezithuthukisiwe nezinhlelo zokuphatha imibala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphrinta okunembile nokugqamile. Ziyakwazi futhi nemvelo, njengoba zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza kanye namakhemikhali uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuphrinta ze-offset zendabuko.

4. Umshini wokuphrinta we-Hybrid offset:

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Hybrid offset ihlanganisa amandla e-offset kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bedijithali ukunikeza isisombululo sokuphrinta esiguquguqukayo nesiguquguqukayo. Le mishini yakhelwe ukuphatha kokubili izinqubo zokuphrinta ze-offset nedijithali, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nokukhiqiza okuphumelelayo. Zilungele abahlinzeki bokuphrinta abafuna ukwandisa amakhono abo futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokuphrinta.

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Hybrid offset inikeza izinzuzo zokunyathelisa i-offset, njengokukhiqiza kabusha kombala kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu, kuhlanganiswe nezinzuzo zokunyathelisa ngedijithali, njengokuphrinta okufushane nokuphrinta idatha eguquguqukayo. Ahlome ngezilawuli ezithuthukisiwe nezici ezizenzakalelayo zokukhulisa ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Zifanele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphrinta, okuhlanganisa ezohwebo, ukupakisha, kanye namaphrojekthi okuphrinta komuntu siqu.

5. Umshini wokuphrinta we-UV offset:

Imishini yokuphrinta ye-UV offset isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphulukisa i-ultraviolet (UV) ukuze yome ngokushesha futhi yelapha uyinki phakathi nenqubo yokuphrinta, okuvumela isivinini sokukhiqiza esisheshayo nokuzala kabusha kombala okunempilo. Le mishini ilungele ukuphrinta kuma-substrates angamuncwa futhi akhethekile, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha kanye nokuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-UV offset inikeza ikhwalithi yokuphrinta enhle kakhulu, imininingwane ebukhali, nokunemba kombala okungaguquki, okuyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwamaphrojekthi wokuphrinta wokupakisha. Afakwe izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuphulukisa ze-UV kanye nezinketho zokuqeda emgqeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe okukhiphayo kokuphrinta futhi kwengeze inani kumaphrinti okugcina. Ziyakwazi futhi nemvelo, njengoba zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokumosha uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokunyathelisa ze-offset.

Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini yokuphrinta ye-offset zinikeza izixazululo zokuphrinta eziguquguqukayo nezisebenzayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuphrinta nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokunyathelisa okuncane noma okukhulu kokunyathelisa, amaphrojekthi okuhweba noma okukhethekile, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset inikeza imiphumela yokuphrinta yekhwalithi ephezulu nengashintshi.

Izinzuzo zemishini yokuphrinta ye-offset

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset inikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezizenza zibe yisinqumo esithandwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphrinta. Okulandelayo ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa imishini yokuphrinta ye-offset:

- Ukuphrinta kwekhwalithi ephezulu:

Imishini yokuphrinta ye-Offset iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amaphrinti ekhwalithi ephezulu anokubhaliswa okunembile, imininingwane ebukhali, kanye nokukhiqizwa kombala ogqamile. Inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset ivumela ukudluliswa kwe-inki okungaguquguquki futhi okufanayo, okuholela kukhwalithi yokuphrinta enhle kakhulu nokuqedwa kochwepheshe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokuthengisa, ukupakisha, noma amaphrojekthi okuphrinta okukhethekile, imishini yokuphrinta ye-offset iletha imiphumela yokuphrinta eyingqayizivele.

- Ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu:

Imishini yokuphrinta ye-Offset ibiza izindleko zokuphrinta okukhulu, njengoba ihlinzeka ngokukhipha okusebenzayo kokukhiqiza kanye nezintengo ezincintisanayo. Ngokukwazi ukuphatha ububanzi obubanzi bephepha nobukhulu bephepha, kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene zokunyathelisa, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset inikeza ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka ekukhiqizeni. Baphinde banikeze imiphumela yokuphrinta engaguquki futhi enokwethenjelwa, ukunciphisa imfucuza nokuphrinta kabusha.

- Amandla okuphrinta ahlukahlukene:

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset inemisebenzi eminingi futhi ingakwazi ukuthwala izidingo zokunyathelisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphrinta kombala owodwa noma okunemibala eminingi, ama-substrates avamile noma akhethekile, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset inikeza ukuguquguquka ukuze ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezihlukahlukene. Ziyifanele kahle iphrojekthi yokuphrinta yezohwebo, yokupakisha, neyokukhangisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphrinta ezifunwa umuntu siqu nezifuneka kakhulu.

- Esimeme futhi eco-friendly:

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset ihambisana nemvelo, njengoba inciphisa ukungcola kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokunyathelisa. Inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset isebenzisa i-inki esekelwe kwimifino kanye nezincibilikisi ze-VOC (volatile organic compound), okunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokuphrinta. Ukwengeza, ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwemishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset kunomthelela ezinkambisweni zokunyathelisa ezisimeme nezinesibopho.

- Ukukhiqizwa okungaguquki futhi okuthembekile:

Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Offset inikeza ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqiza okungaguquki futhi okuthembekile, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphrinta ngakunye kusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kuhlangabezana nokucaciswa okufunayo. Inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset ivumela ukufanisa imibala okunembile, ukubhaliswa okunembile, nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwesithombe okubukhali, okuholela emiphumeleni yokuphrinta engaguquki neyochwepheshe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphrinta okufushane noma okude, imishini yokuphrinta ye-offset iletha umkhiqizo othembekile.

Ngamafuphi, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset inikeza izinzuzo eziningana eziyenza ibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kumaphrojekthi amaningi wokunyathelisa. Ngamaphrinti ekhwalithi ephezulu, ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu, amakhono ahlukahlukene, izinqubo ezizinzile, nokuphuma okuthembekile, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset iyimpahla ebalulekile yabahlinzeki bokuphrinta namabhizinisi afuna ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokuphrinta.

Sengiphetha, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset iyingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yokunyathelisa, ehlinzeka ngezisombululo zokunyathelisa ezihlukahlukene, ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingabizi kakhulu. Ngezingxenye zayo ezihlukahlukene, izimiso zokusebenza, izinhlobo, kanye nezinzuzo, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukuphrinta okuphrofeshinali nokungashintshi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokuthengisa, ukupakisha, ukuphromotha, noma amaphrojekthi okuphrinta komuntu siqu, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset iletha imiphumela evelele futhi inikela ezinkambisweni zokuphrinta ezizinzile nezinesibopho. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, imishini yokunyathelisa ye-offset izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi ijwayele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshayo zemboni yokunyathelisa, inikeza izixazululo eziphumelelayo nezithembekile zokunyathelisa iminyaka ezayo.