I-Pen Assembly Line Efficiency: I-Automating Writing Instrument Production

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-automation kuye kwaba nefuthe elikhulu kumacandelo ahlukeneyo okuvelisa, kwaye ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokubhala, ezifana neepeni, akunjalo. Ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka okubonelelwa ngeenkqubo ezizenzekelayo ziguqula ngokugqithiseleyo imigca yendibano yeepeni. Ukuchaneka okuphuculweyo, amaxabiso emveliso akhawulezayo, kunye nokongiwa kweendleko zimbalwa nje zezibonelelo ezininzi ezinokufunyanwa ngabavelisi kolu tshintsho lobuchwepheshe. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imiba eyahlukeneyo yokuvelisa isixhobo sokubhala ngokuzenzekelayo, ukusuka kulungiselelo lomgca wendibano ukuya kulawulo lomgangatho, kunye nethemba lekamva lalo mkhwa okhulayo. Sijoyine njengoko sintywila kwihlabathi elinomdla lobuchule bokudibanisa usiba kunye nokuzenzekela.

Ukuphucula uYilo lomgca weNdibano

Isiseko sawo nawuphi na umgca wokuvelisa usiba oluzihambelayo oluyimpumelelo luyilo lwawo. Uyilo oluphuculweyo lomgca wendibano lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kakuhle komsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa imiqobo. Xa uyila umgca ozenzekelayo, izinto ezininzi, ezifana nezithintelo zendawo, ukulandelelana kwemisebenzi, kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi koomatshini kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.

Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zokuphucula uyilo kukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokungenamthungo kwemathiriyeli kunye namalungu. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka ngobuchule oomatshini kunye neendawo zokusebenza ukunciphisa umgama wokuhamba kunye nokubanjwa. Umzekelo, oomatshini bokubumba benaliti abavelisa imigqomo yeepeni kunye neekepusi kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane nezikhululo zendibano ukuphepha ukuthuthwa ngokungeyomfuneko. Ngokufanayo, ukubekwa koomatshini bokuzalisa i-inki kufuneka kuyilwe ukuze kube lula ukufikelela kuzo zombini iipeni ezingenanto kunye namadama e-inki.

Ukongeza, ulandelelwano lwemisebenzi kufuneka lucwangciswe ngononophelo. Umatshini ngamnye okanye indawo yokusebenzela kufuneka yenze umsebenzi othile ngokulandelelana okunengqiqo enegalelo kwinkqubo yokuhlanganisa ngokubanzi. Oku kunokubandakanya amanyathelo anjengokufaka ii-inki zokuzaliswa kwakhona kwimiphanda, ukuncamathisela iikepusi, kunye noshicilelo lwenkcazelo yophawu kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba ngalinye lemveliso lihamba kakuhle ukuya kwelinye elilandelayo, abavelisi banokuthintela ukulibaziseka kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu.

Unxibelelwano phakathi koomatshini ngomnye umba obalulekileyo woyilo lomgca wendibano owenziwe kakuhle. Iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo zale mihla zihlala zixhomekeke kwisoftware entsonkothileyo ukujonga nokulawula imveliso. Le software inokubona imiba ngexesha langempela, njengomatshini ongasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukunqongophala kwamacandelo, kwaye inokulungelelanisa ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngaloo ndlela, ukudibanisa oomatshini abanobuchule bokunxibelelana kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkqubo isebenza ngokuhambelanayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukulungelelaniswa kwesakhiwo somgca wendibano yinto ebalulekileyo echaza ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa ipeni ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokubeka ngobuchule oomatshini, ukulandelelanisa ukusebenza, kunye nokuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi koomatshini, abavelisi banokufikelela kwimveliso ephuculweyo eyenza imveliso ikhulise imveliso kwaye inciphise inkunkuma.

Ukubandakanya iiRobhothi eziPhezulu

Kwindawo yokuvelisa ipeni ezenzekelayo, ukufakwa kweerobhothi eziphambili kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ezi robhothi zenzelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo ngokuchaneka okungaqhelekanga kunye nesantya, ngaloo ndlela iphakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle komgca wendibano. Iirobhothi zingasetyenziselwa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okwenziwa kweepeni, ukusuka ekuphatheni icandelo ukuya kwindibano yokugqibela.

Iingalo zerobhothi, umzekelo, zidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuphatha iindawo ezincinci, eziethe-ethe ezifana nokuzaliswa ngokutsha kwe-inki kunye neengcebiso zokubhala. Ezi nkqubo zerobhothi zixhotyiswe ngee-sensor kunye ne-grippers ezivumela ukuba ziqhube amacandelo ngokuchanekileyo, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba neempazamo okanye umonakalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweengalo zerobhothi kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha elifunekayo lokudibanisa usiba ngalunye kuba zinokusebenza iiyure ezongeziweyo ngaphandle kokudinwa.

Ukongeza, iirobhothi zokukhetha kunye nendawo zihlala zidityaniswa kwinkqubo yokuhlanganisa usiba. Ezi robhothi ziyilelwe ukuba zikhethe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo iinxalenye kwindawo echongiweyo kwaye zibekwe kumgca wokudityaniswa. Oku kuluncedo ngokukodwa ekuphatheni izinto ezininzi, ezifana nokufakwa kwe-cap, ekufuneka zibekwe ngokuqhubekayo kumgca wemveliso.

Olunye usetyenziso olutsha lwerobhothi kwimveliso yeepeni ziirobhothi ezisebenzisanayo okanye "iicobots." Ngokungafaniyo neerobhothi zemveli zemizi-mveliso ezisebenza kwindawo ezikwanti, ii-cobots ziyilelwe ukusebenza kunye nabaqhubi babantu. Ezi robhothi zinokuthatha imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo kunye nomsebenzi onzima, ukukhulula abasebenzi bomntu ukuba bagxininise kwimisebenzi enzima ngakumbi. IiCobots zixhotyiswe ngeempawu zokhuseleko oluphezulu ezivumela ukuba zibone ubukho babantu kwaye zilungelelanise imisebenzi yazo ngokufanelekileyo, ziqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nehambelanayo.

Iirobhothi nazo zingasetyenzwa ngeenjongo zokulawula umgangatho. Iinkqubo zombono ezidityanisiweyo kunye neeyunithi zokuhlola iirobhothi zinokuskena kwaye zivavanye ipeni nganye yeziphene, ezifana nokuhamba kwe-inki engaqhelekanga okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kweendibano. Ezi nkqubo zinokubona ngokukhawuleza kwaye zahlule iimveliso ezineziphene, ziqinisekisa ukuba ziipeni kuphela ezihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho ofikelela emarikeni.

Ngokwenyani, ukufakwa kweerobhothi eziphambili kwimigca yokudityaniswa kweepeni kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ngobuchule bazo bokuphatha izinto ezibuthathaka, ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisana nabasebenzi abangabantu, iirobhothi zenza icandelo eliyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zokwenziwa kweepeni.

Ukusebenzisa i-IoT kunye ne-AI kwi-Smart Manufacturing

Ukufika kwe-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) kunye ne-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ivakalise ixesha elitsha kwimveliso yeepeni ezizenzekelayo. Obu buchwepheshe buxhatshazwa ukwenza iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezikrelekrele, eziphendulayo ezinokuziqhelanisa neemeko eziguqukayo kunye nokwandisa iinkqubo ngexesha lokwenyani.

Itekhnoloji ye-IoT ibandakanya ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenzwa ngaphakathi komgca wemveliso. Ezi zixhobo ziqokelela kwaye zigqithise idatha enxulumene nemiba eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa, njengokusebenza komatshini, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Olu luhlu luqhubekayo lwedatha luvumela abavelisi ukuba babeke iliso kwimisebenzi ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-sensor ibona ukuba umatshini othile usebenza ngaphantsi komthamo wayo ofanelekileyo, amanyathelo okulungisa anokuthathwa ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela ukusebenza.

I-AI, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini ukuhlalutya idatha kunye nokuqikelela iziphumo. Kumxholo wokuvelisa ipeni, i-AI ingasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwangaphambili, apho inkqubo ilindele ukusilela komatshini okunokwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwidatha yembali kunye neendlela zokusebenza zangoku. Le ndlela esebenzayo yokulondoloza inceda ekukhuseleni ixesha elingalindelekanga kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle komgca wendibano.

Ngaphezu koko, i-AI ingasetyenziswa ukwenza iishedyuli zemveliso. Ngokuhlalutya izinto ezinje ngokufumaneka komatshini, ukubonelela ngecandelo, kunye nexesha elibekiweyo lokuodola, i-AI algorithms inokuvelisa izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa ezinciphisa ixesha elingasebenziyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso ngexesha. Eli nqanaba lokuphucula liluncedo kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno eziguqukayo zentengiso.

Ulawulo lomgangatho oluqhutywa yi-AI sesinye isicelo esibalulekileyo kwimveliso yeepeni. Iindlela zolawulo lomgangatho wemveli zihlala zibandakanya iisampulu ezingakhethiyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwezandla, ezinokuthi zitye ixesha kwaye zithambekele kwiimpazamo. Iinkqubo zombono ze-AI, nangona kunjalo, zinokuhlola yonke imveliso enye kumgca wendibano, ukuchonga iziphene ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo. Oku kuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu woqinisekiso lomgangatho kwaye kunciphisa ukubakho kweemveliso ezineziphene ezifikelela kubathengi.

Isishwankathelo, ukudityaniswa kwe-IoT kunye ne-AI kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa usiba ngokuzenzekelayo kubonisa utshintsho oluya kwimveliso ehlakaniphile. Ezi teknoloji zivumela ukuba kubekwe iliso ngexesha lokwenyani, ugcino oluqikelelwayo, ukucwangciswa ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho, zonke ezinegalelo ekunyuseni umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

UkuSebenza kwamandla kunye noZinzo

Njengoko ugxininiso lokuzinza luqhubeka lukhula, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwimveliso yeepeni ezizenzekelayo kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqwalaselwa. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ngelixa ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, zikwabonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Enye yeendlela eziphambili apho iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo zenza igalelo ekusebenzeni kombane kukusebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwimisebenzi yoomatshini. Izicwangciso zemveli zokuvelisa zihlala zibandakanya oomatshini abasebenza ngokuzeleyo, nokuba zeziphi na iimfuno zemveliso. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, nangona kunjalo, zinokuhlengahlengisa izicwangciso zoomatshini ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla asetyenziswa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko. Umzekelo, ukuba umgca wendibano ufumana ukwehla okwethutyana, inkqubo ezenzekelayo inokunciphisa isantya sokusebenza koomatshini, ngaloo ndlela igcina amandla.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kweemotor ezisebenza ngamandla kunye needrive kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iinjini zombane zanamhlanje ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze ngokumosha amandla okuncinci, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kungaphuculwa ngakumbi ngokusetyenziswa kwee-variable frequency drives (VFDs). Ii-VFDs zilawula isantya kunye ne-torque yeemoto, ezivumela ukuba zisebenze kumanqanaba afanelekileyo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo yenye indlela ethembisayo yokwandisa uzinzo kwimveliso yosiba oluzenzekelayo. Abavelisi abaninzi baphonononga ukusetyenziswa kweepaneli zelanga, iiinjini zomoya, kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ukunika amandla imisebenzi yabo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla acocekileyo, abavelisi banokunciphisa i-carbon footprint kunye negalelo kwinjongo ebanzi yokuzinza kwendalo.

Ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma kukwangumba ongundoqo wozinzo kwimveliso yeepeni. Iisistim ezizisebenzelayo zinokucwangciswa ukuba zandise ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli ekrwada isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inkunkuma iyancitshiswa. Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo zokusika ezichanekileyo zingaqeshwa ukunciphisa inani lezinto ezigqithisiweyo ezenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Uphuculo loyilo, olufana namacandelo emodyuli anokuthi asetyenziswe ngokulula okanye aphinde asetyenziswe kwakhona, nawo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni uzinzo.

Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zenza ukuba kuphunyezwe iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezivaliweyo. Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, izinto ezilahlwayo ziyaqokelelwa, zicutshungulwe, kwaye ziphinde zingeniswe kumjikelo wemveliso. Oku akunciphisi nje kuphela isixa senkunkuma eveliswayo kodwa kuthoba nemfuno yezinto ezikrwada, okunegalelo kulondolozo lwemithombo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nozinzo zibalulekile kwimveliso yosiba yanamhlanje. Ngokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo koomatshini, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenza ngamandla, ukudityaniswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye neenkqubo ezivaliweyo, abavelisi banokufikelela kwizibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo ngelixa begcina amanqanaba aphezulu emveliso.

Amathemba ekamva kunye nezinto ezintsha

Ikamva lokwenziwa kosiba lokubhala lizele ngamathuba anomdla. Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji imiselwe ukomeleza ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuguquguquka, kunye nozinzo lweenkqubo zokwenziwa kosiba. Iindlela ezininzi ezivelayo zibambe isithembiso esibalulekileyo sekamva lokwenziwa kosiba oluzenzekelayo.

Omnye onjalo kukwamkelwa kwemigaqo yoShishino 4.0. Oku kubandakanya ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo ze-cyber-physical, i-computing yefu, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha enkulu ukudala ubukrelekrele obuphezulu kunye nobume obudibeneyo bokwenza izinto. Umzi-mveliso 4.0 wenza intsebenziswano ngexesha lokwenyani phakathi koomatshini kunye neenkqubo, ekhokelela kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili okuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Kubenzi beepeni, oku kunokuthetha ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha iimfuno zemarike kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso ezilungiselelweyo kunye nexesha elincinci lokukhokela.

Olunye ulutsha olunomdla kusetyenziso lwemveliso eyongezayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-3D yoshicilelo. Ngelixa ngokwesiko isetyenziselwa ukuchwetheza, ushicilelo lwe-3D luya luphononongwa kwimveliso emikhulu. Kwimveliso yeepeni, ushicilelo lwe-3D lunika amandla okwenza uyilo oluntsonkothileyo kunye neempawu ezizodwa eziya kuba ngumngeni ukufezekiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuvula iindlela ezintsha zokwahlula imveliso kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokufunda koomatshini kulindeleke ukuba kudlale indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphandle kogcino oluqikelelweyo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho, i-AI inokunyuselwa kuphuculo lwenkqubo ephucukileyo kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo. Ngokomzekelo, ii-algorithms ze-AI zinokuhlalutya inani elikhulu ledatha yemveliso ukuchonga iipateni kunye neendlela, okwenza abavelisi baphumeze uphuculo oluqhubekayo kwaye bafezekise amanqanaba aphezulu okusebenza.

Uzinzo luya kuqhubeka ukuba yinto ekugxilwe kuyo kwizinto ezintsha ezizayo. Ukuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezinokubola kunye ne-eco-friendly ngummandla wophando olusebenzayo. Abavelisi bepeni baya bephonononga ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezizinzileyo ezifana ne-bioplastics kunye neepolima ezihlaziyiweyo. Ukudityaniswa kwezinto ezizinzileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezizenzekelayo zibambe amandla amakhulu okudala iipeni zokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa umgangatho okanye ukusebenza.

Iirobhothi ezisebenzisanayo yenye indawo elungele ukukhula. Njengoko itekhnoloji yerobhothi iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili, sinokulindela ukubona iicobots eziphucukileyo ezinokwenza uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ecaleni kwabasebenzi babantu. Ezi cobots ziya kuxhotyiswa ngeemvakalelo eziphuculweyo kunye nobuchule bokufunda, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zilungelelanise ngakumbi kwaye zisebenze kakuhle.

Isishwankathelo, ikamva lokwenziwa kosiba oluzenzekelayo luphawulwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokuqhubela phambili. Ukwamkelwa koShishino lwe-4.0, ushicilelo lwe-3D, ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhutywa yi-AI, izixhobo ezizinzileyo, kunye nerobhothi ezisebenzisanayo zezinye zeendlela eziphambili ezibumba ubume bexesha elizayo. Olu tshintsho luthembisa ukomeleza ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuguquguquka, kunye nozinzo lweenkqubo zokwenziwa kweepeni, zivula indlela yokukhula okuqhubekayo kunye nempumelelo kwishishini.

Ukuqukumbela, ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokubhala ezifana neepeni kunika izibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuzinza. Ukuphucula uyilo lomgca wendibano, ukubandakanya iirobhothi eziphambili, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-IoT kunye ne-AI, kunye nokugxila ekusebenzeni kwamandla zonke ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa ipeni ezenzekelayo. Njengoko sijonge kwikamva, amandla okuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphuculwa kwalo mmandla mkhulu kakhulu. Ngokuhlala bephambili kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokwamkela izenzo ezizinzileyo, abavelisi beepeni banokuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala bekhuphisana kwaye bahlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zabathengi. Uhambo olusingise kwi-automated ngokupheleleyo kunye nemveliso yobuchule sele iqalile, kwaye amathuba awapheli.