I-Pen Assembly Line Efficiency: I-Automating Writing Instrument Production

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-automation kube nomthelela omkhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezokukhiqiza, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi zokubhala, njengamapeni, kunjalo. Ukusebenza kahle nokunemba okunikezwa amasistimu azenzakalelayo kuguqula ngokuphawulekayo imigqa yokuhlanganisa ipeni. Ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe, amanani okukhiqiza asheshayo, nokonga izindleko kungezinye zezinzuzo ezimbalwa abakhiqizi abangazithola kulokhu kuguquka kobuchwepheshe. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ithuluzi lokubhala ngokuzenzakalelayo, kusukela ekumisweni komugqa wokuhlanganisa ukuya ekulawuleni ikhwalithi, kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo alo mkhuba okhulayo. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba singena ezweni elithakazelisayo lokusebenza kahle komugqa wokuhlanganisa ipeni kanye nokuzishintshanisa.

Ukuthuthukisa Isakhiwo Somugqa Womhlangano

Isisekelo sanoma yimuphi umugqa wokukhiqiza ipeni othomathikhi ophumelelayo ukwakheka kwawo. Isakhiwo somugqa womhlangano owenziwe kahle sibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba komsebenzi okushelelayo nokunciphisa izingqinamba. Lapho uklama ulayini ozenzakalelayo, izici ezimbalwa, njengezingqinamba zesikhala, ukulandelana kwemisebenzi, nokuxhumana phakathi kwemishini kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa isakhiwo ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okungenamthungo kwezinto kanye nezingxenye. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubeka imishini kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ngobuchule ukuze kuncishiswe amabanga okuhamba kanye nokunikezwa ngesandla. Isibonelo, imishini yokubumba umjovo ekhiqiza imiphongolo yamapeni namakepisi kufanele ibekwe eduze neziteshi zomhlangano ukuze kugwenywe izinto zokuhamba ezingenasidingo. Ngokufanayo, ukubekwa kwemishini yokugcwalisa uyinki kufanele yakhelwe ukwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kuzo zombili izibaya ezingenalutho namachibi kayinki.

Ukwengeza, ukulandelana kwemisebenzi kufanele kuhlelwe ngokucophelela. Umshini ngamunye noma indawo yokusebenza kufanele yenze umsebenzi othile ngokulandelana okunengqondo okunikela kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinyathelo ezinjengokufaka ukufakwa kabusha kukayinki emiphongolweni, ukunamathisela okepisi, kanye nokuphrinta imininingwane yebhrendi kumkhiqizo oqediwe. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi isigaba ngasinye sokukhiqiza sigeleza kahle siye kwesilandelayo, abakhiqizi bangavimbela ukubambezeleka futhi bagcine ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwemishini kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo somugqa womhlangano owenziwe kahle. Izinhlelo zesimanje ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukuthembela ku-software eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuqashwe futhi kulawule ukukhiqizwa. Le softhiwe ingathola izinkinga ngesikhathi sangempela, njengomshini ongasebenzi kahle noma ukushoda kwezingxenye, futhi ingalungisa ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokufanele ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle. Ngakho, ukuhlanganisa imishini namakhono okuxhumana kuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke uhlelo lusebenza ngokuvumelana.

Sengiphetha, ukwenziwa kahle kwesakhiwo somugqa wokuhlanganisa kuyisici esibalulekile esibeka ukusebenza kahle kanye nempumelelo yenqubo yokukhiqiza ipeni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokubeka imishini ngobuchule, ukuhlela imisebenzi, kanye nokwenza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwemishini, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukufeza ukugeleza kokukhiqiza okuhlelekile okukhulisa ukuphuma nokunciphisa imfucuza.

Ihlanganisa Amarobhothi Athuthukile

Emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwepeni okuzenzakalelayo, ukufakwa kwamarobhothi athuthukile kudlala indima ebalulekile. La marobhothi aklanyelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokunemba okungavamile nangesivinini, ngaleyo ndlela aphakamise ukusebenza kahle komugqa wokuhlanganisa. Amarobhothi angasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezehlukene zokukhiqiza ipeni, kusukela ekuphatheni ingxenye kuya ekuhlanganisweni kokugcina.

Izikhali zamarobhothi, isibonelo, zivame ukusebenzela ukuphatha izingxenye ezincane, ezithambile ezifana nokugcwaliswa kabusha kukayinki namathiphu epeni. Lezi zinhlelo zamarobhothi zifakwe izinzwa kanye nezibambi ezizivumela ukuthi ziqondise izingxenye ngokunemba, zinciphise amathuba okuba namaphutha noma umonakalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezingalo zamarobhothi kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ipeni ngalinye njengoba zingasebenza amahora engeziwe ngaphandle kokukhathala.

Ukwengeza, amarobhothi okukhethwa nendawo avame ukuhlanganiswa nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ipeni. Lawa marobhothi aklanyelwe ukukhetha ngokushesha nangokunembile izingxenye endaweni eqokiwe futhi azibeke emgqeni wokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuphatheni izinto eziyinqwaba, ezifana nokufakwa kwekepisi, okudinga ukubekwa ngokuqhubekayo emugqeni wokukhiqiza.

Olunye uhlelo olusha lwamarobhothi ekwenzeni ipeni amarobhothi asebenzisanayo noma "ama-cobots." Ngokungafani namarobhothi endabuko ezimboni asebenza ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezingazodwa, ama-cobots aklanyelwe ukusebenza kanye nabasebenza ngabantu. Lawa marobhothi angathatha imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo nedinga abasebenzi abaningi, ekhulula abasebenzi abangabantu ukuthi bagxile emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-Cobots afakwe izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe eziwavumela ukuthi abone ukuba khona kwabantu futhi alungise ukusebenza kwawo ngokufanele, aqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ephephile nevumelanayo.

Amarobhothi nawo angasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Amasistimu okubona ahlanganiswe namayunithi okuhlola amarobhothi angaskena futhi ahlole ipeni ngalinye ukuze abone ukukhubazeka, njengokugeleza kwe-inki okungavamile noma ukuhlanganisa ngokungalungile. Lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukuhlonza ngokushesha futhi zihlukanise imikhiqizo enesici, ziqinisekise ukuthi amapeni kuphela ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi ezifika emakethe.

Empeleni, ukufakwa kwamarobhothi athuthukile emigqeni yokuhlanganisa ipeni kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngekhono lawo lokuphatha izingxenye ezibucayi, ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokunemba, nokusebenzisana nabasebenzi abangabantu, amarobhothi akha ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zesimanje zokukhiqiza ipeni ezizenzakalelayo.

Ukusebenzisa i-IoT ne-AI ekwenzeni i-Smart Manufacturing

Ukufika kwe-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye Nobuhlakani Bezokwenziwa (AI) kumemezele inkathi entsha ekukhiqizeni ipeni okuzenzakalelayo. Lobu buchwepheshe buyasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe amasistimu okukhiqiza ahlakaniphile, asabelayo angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo futhi athuthukise izinqubo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ubuchwepheshe be-IoT bubandakanya ukuxhumana kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene nezinzwa ngaphakathi komugqa wokukhiqiza. Lawa madivayisi aqoqa futhi adlulisele idatha ehlobene nezici ezihlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza, efana nokusebenza komshini, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwedatha kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baqaphe ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, uma inzwa ithola ukuthi umshini othile usebenza ngaphansi komthamo wawo ophelele, izinyathelo zokulungisa zingathathwa ngokushesha ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza.

I-AI, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-algorithms yokufunda komshini ukuhlaziya idatha nokubikezela imiphumela. Kumongo wokukhiqiza ipeni, i-AI ingasetshenziselwa ukulungiswa okubikezelwayo, lapho isistimu ilindela ukwehluleka komshini okungaba khona ngokusekelwe kudatha yomlando namathrendi okusebenza amanje. Le ndlela esebenzayo yokulungisa isiza ekuvimbeleni isikhathi sokuphumula esingalindelekile futhi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle komugqa wokuhlanganisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AI ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa amashejuli okukhiqiza. Ngokuhlaziya izici ezinjengokutholakala komshini, ukunikezwa kwengxenye, kanye nezinsuku zokugcina zoku-oda, ama-algorithms e-AI angakhiqiza izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokukhiqiza ezinciphisa isikhathi sokungenzi lutho futhi ziqinisekise ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi. Leli zinga lokuthuthukisa linenzuzo ikakhulukazi ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziguqukayo zemakethe.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqhutshwa yi-AI kungolunye uhlelo olubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ipeni. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokulawula ikhwalithi zivame ukubandakanya ukusampula okungahleliwe kanye nokuhlola okwenziwa ngesandla, okungadla isikhathi futhi kuthambekele ekubeni namaphutha. Amasistimu okubona anamandla e-AI, nokho, angahlola wonke umkhiqizo owodwa kulayini wokuhlanganisa, ahlonze amaphutha ngokunemba okumangalisayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuba imikhiqizo enesici ifinyelele kubathengi.

Kafushane, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT ne-AI ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ipeni ezizenzakalelayo kumelela ushintsho oluya ekukhiqizeni okuhlakaniphile. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukunakekelwa okubikezelwayo, ukuhlela okuphumelelayo, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, konke okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusimama

Njengoba ukugxila kokusimama kuqhubeka kukhula, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ekukhiqizeni ipeni okuzenzakalelayo sekuyinto ecatshangelwayo ebalulekile. Amasistimu azenzakalelayo, ngenkathi ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, aphinde anikeze amathuba amaningi okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo.

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko amasistimu azenzakalelayo anikela ngayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla iwukulawula okunembayo kokusebenza kwemishini. Ukusetha okujwayelekile kokukhiqiza kuvame ukubandakanya imishini esebenza ngokugcwele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zangempela zokukhiqiza. Amasistimu azenzakalelayo, nokho, angalungisa izilungiselelo zomshini ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela, aqinisekise ukuthi amandla asetshenziswa kuphela uma kudingeka. Isibonelo, uma ulayini wokuhlanganisa wehla isikhashana, isistimu ezenzakalelayo inganciphisa isivinini sokusebenza semishini, ngaleyo ndlela ilondoloze amandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor awonga amandla kanye nokushayela ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Amamotho kagesi esimanje aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokumosha amandla okuncane, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kahle kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-variable frequency drives (VFDs). Ama-VFD alawula isivinini kanye ne-torque yamamotho, ukuwavumela ukuthi asebenze ngamazinga asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kungenye indlela ethembisayo yokuthuthukisa ukusimama ekukhiqizeni ipeni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bahlola ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli elanga, izinjini zomoya, neminye imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ukuze basebenzise amandla abo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile, abakhiqizi banganciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo futhi bafake isandla emgomweni obanzi wokusimama kwemvelo.

Ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza nakho kuyisici esibalulekile sokusimama ekukhiqizeni ipeni. Amasistimu azenzakalelayo angahlelwa ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle izinto, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe zisetshenziswa kahle futhi udoti uyancishiswa. Isibonelo, amathuluzi okusika anembayo angaqashwa ukuze kuncishiswe inani lempahla eyeqile ekhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukuthuthukiswa kwedizayini, njengezingxenye zemojuli ezingase zigaywe kabusha kalula noma zenziwe kabusha, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusimama.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu azenzakalelayo avumela ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezivaliwe. Kulezi zinhlelo, izinto ezilahlwayo ziyaqoqwa, zicutshungulwe, futhi ziphinde zifakwe emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwayo kodwa futhi kwehlisa isidingo sempahla eluhlaza, okunomthelela ekongiweni kwezinsiza.

Sengiphetha, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusimama kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwepeni okuzenzakalelayo kwesimanje. Ngokulawula okunembe kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukunciphisa udoti, nezinqubo ezivaliwe, abakhiqizi bangathola izinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo kuyilapho begcina amazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza.

Amathemba Nezinto Ezintsha Ezizayo

Ikusasa lokukhiqiza ipeni elizenzakalelayo ligcwele amathuba ajabulisayo. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kuhlelelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokusimama kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ipeni. Amathrendi amaningana asafufusa anesithembiso esibalulekile sekusasa lokukhiqizwa kwepeni okuzenzakalelayo.

Omunye umkhuba onjalo ukwamukelwa kwezimiso ze-Industrial 4.0. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-cyber-physical, i-cloud computing, nokuhlaziya idatha enkulu ukuze kwakheke izindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezixhumene. I-Industry 4.0 inika amandla ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwemishini nezinhlelo, okuholela emazingeni angakaze abonwe okuzenzakalelayo nokusebenza kahle. Kubakhiqizi bamapeni, lokhu kungasho ikhono lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimfuno zemakethe ezishintshayo futhi bakhiqize imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso enesikhathi esincane sokuhola.

Okunye okusha okujabulisayo ukusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza okungeziwe, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Ngenkathi ngokwesiko isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-prototyping, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuya ngokuya kuhlolisiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ngezinga elikhulu. Ekwenziweni kwepeni, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza amandla okudala imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi nezici eziyingqayizivele ezingaba inselele ukufeza kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuvula izindlela ezintsha zokuhlukanisa umkhiqizo nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini nakho kulindeleke ukuthi kudlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okubikezelwayo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, i-AI ingasebenziseka ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo ethuthukisiwe kanye nokwenza izinqumo. Isibonelo, ama-algorithms e-AI angahlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha yokukhiqiza ukuze ahlonze amaphethini namathrendi, anikeze abakhiqizi amandla okwenza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo futhi bafinyelele amazinga aphezulu okusebenza kahle.

Ukuzinza kuzoqhubeka nokuba yisizinda sezinto ezintsha ezizayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibolayo eziphilayo nezilungele imvelo kuyindawo yocwaningo olusebenzayo. Abakhiqizi bepeni baya ngokuya behlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisimeme njengama-bioplastics nama-polymers agaywe kabusha. Inhlanganisela yezinto ezisimeme nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizenzakalelayo inamandla amakhulu okudala amapeni angavumelani nemvelo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza.

Amarobhothi asebenzisanayo angenye indawo esilungele ukukhula. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-robotic buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, singalindela ukubona ama-cobot ayinkimbinkimbi angenza uhla olubanzi lwemisebenzi eceleni kwezisebenzi zabantu. Lawa ma-cobot azohlonyiswa ngamakhono okuzwa athuthukisiwe nokufunda, okuwenza avumelane nezimo futhi asebenze kahle.

Kafushane, ikusasa lokukhiqiza ipeni elizenzakalelayo limakwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko. Ukwamukelwa kwe-Industrial 4.0, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhutshwa yi-AI, izinto ezisimeme, namarobhothi asebenzisanayo ngezinye zezitayela ezibalulekile ezakha isimo sezwe esizayo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zithembisa ukuthi zizothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokusimama kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ipeni, okuvula indlela yokukhula nempumelelo eqhubekayo embonini.

Sengiphetha, ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi zokubhala ezifana namapeni kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunemba, nokusimama. Ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka komugqa wokuhlanganisa, okufaka amarobhothi athuthukile, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-IoT ne-AI, nokugxila ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla konke kuyizici ezibalulekile zohlelo oluphumelelayo lokukhiqiza ipeni oluzenzakalelayo. Njengoba sibheke esikhathini esizayo, amathuba okuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwenza ngcono kulo mkhakha makhulu kakhulu. Ngokuhlala bephambili entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwamukela izinqubo ezizinzile, abakhiqizi bamapeni bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bahlala bencintisana futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo eziguqukayo zabathengi. Uhambo oluya ekwenziweni okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele nokukhalipha kusanda kuqala, futhi amathuba awapheli.