Ukuthuthukisa Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Ngolayini Womhlangano Ozenzakalelayo

Isingeniso:

Imboni yokukhiqiza ibilokhu iqhutshwa ukuphishekela ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza. Ukuqondisa izinqubo zokugeleza komsebenzi kube umgomo oqhubekayo wokukhulisa okukhiphayo nokunciphisa izindleko. Enye yentuthuko ebalulekile kulo mkhakha ukuqaliswa kwemigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe namarobhothi, imigqa yokuhlangana ezenzakalelayo iguqule indlela okukhiqizwa ngayo imikhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinzuzo zomugqa wokuhlanganisa ozenzakalelayo nokuthi uthuthukisa kanjani ukuhamba komsebenzi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

I-Evolution of Assembly Lines

Umqondo womugqa womhlangano wethulwa okokuqala nguHenry Ford ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. I-Ford iguqule inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokwakha uhlelo lapho abasebenzi bebekwe eceleni komugqa futhi ngamunye wenza umsebenzi othile. Kodwa-ke, le nguqulo yokuqala yemigqa yokuhlanganisa incike kakhulu emsebenzini wezandla, okuholela emikhawulweni ngokuya ngesivinini, ukunemba, kanye nokuguquguquka.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yavula indlela yemigqa yokuhlangana ezenzakalelayo. Lezi zimangaliso zesimanje ziyiguqule ngokuphelele imisebenzi yokukhiqiza, okuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithole amazinga aphezulu okusebenza, ukukhiqiza, nokulawula ikhwalithi. Ake sihlole izici ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokuthi ulayini wokuhlanganisa ozenzakalelayo uthuthukisa kanjani ukuhamba komsebenzi:

Isivinini Esithuthukisiwe kanye Nempumelelo

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zomugqa wokuhlanganisa ozenzakalelayo amandla awo okukhulisa kakhulu isivinini sokukhiqiza. Imigqa yokuhlangana yendabuko yayithembele kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabantu, okwakukhawula ngokwemvelo isivinini okwenziwa ngaso imikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzenzakalelayo, imishini ingasebenza ngokungaguquki, ijubane elingaphazamiseki, okuholela ezikhathini zokuhlanganisa ngokushesha.

Imishini ezenzakalelayo ayidingi ikhefu, inamathela kumashejuli aqinile, noma ikhathale. Lokhu kwenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukuqeda isikhathi sokuphumula ngokungadingekile futhi bandise amahora okukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi kuvumela ukunyakaza okunembayo nokungaguquguquki, kunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha noma amaphutha. Ngokuthuthukisa isivinini nokusebenza kahle, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ingakhuphula kakhulu okukhiphayo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi.

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Okuthuthukisiwe

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyisici esibalulekile sanoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza. Amaphutha noma amaphutha emkhiqizweni wokugcina kungaholela ekunganeliseki phakathi kwamakhasimende kanye nezindleko ezikhuphukayo zenkampani. Imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo inikeza ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuthuthukisiwe ngokunciphisa amandla ephutha lomuntu.

Ngenxa yokuzenzakalela, umsebenzi ngamunye enqubweni yokuhlanganisa wenziwa ngokungaguquki, unamathela kumazinga achazwe ngaphambilini kanye nokucaciswayo. Amarobhothi ayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo ngokunemba okwedlulele, aqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ihlanganiswe ngokunembile. Lokhu kuqeda ukuhluka okungase kuvele ekuzibandakanyeni komuntu, okuholela emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ingahlanganisa amasistimu okuhlola athuthukile. Lawa masistimu asebenzisa izinzwa namakhamera ukuze athole amaphutha noma ukungahambisani ngesikhathi sangempela. Noma iyiphi ingxenye enephutha inganqatshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ihlatshwe umkhosi ukuze kuqhutshekwe nophenyo, kuncishiswe amathuba okuthi imikhiqizo enesici ifinyelele emakethe.

Ukuvumelana nezimo okuthuthukisiwe kanye Nokuvumelana nezimo

Embonini eshintsha ngokushesha, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza. Imigqa yokuhlangana yendabuko yayivame ukuba nzima uma kuziwa ekuzivumelaniseni nemikhiqizo emisha noma amasu okukhiqiza. Ukulungisa kabusha noma ukulungisa kabusha ulayini womhlangano wonke kwakuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi odla isikhathi.

Imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikeza ukuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli ze-programmable logic (PLCs) kanye nesofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukuhlela kabusha imishini kalula ukuze yamukele imiklamo emisha yomkhiqizo noma ukucubungula izinguquko. Lokhu konga isikhathi esiningi, okuvumela izinkampani ukuthi ziphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni zemakethe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ingakhuliswa kalula noma yehle kuye ngezidingo zokukhiqiza. Abakhiqizi bangengeza noma basuse imishini ngokwesidingo, baqede isidingo somsebenzi owengeziwe wezandla ngezikhathi zesidingo esiphansi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele, ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kukonke.

Ukuphepha Kwendawo Yokusebenzela Okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuphepha emsebenzini kuyinkinga enkulu ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza. Imigqa yokuhlanganisa evamile ngokuvamile ihilela ukuphatha izinto ezisindayo mathupha, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi. Lokhu kubeka abasebenzi engcupheni yokulimala kanye nezinkinga zempilo emsebenzini.

Imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ikuthuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza ngokunciphisa isidingo sokungenelela kwabantu emisebenzini eyingozi. Imishini ibamba ukuphakamisa okusindayo, okunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba kubasebenzi. Amarobhothi angenza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo ngaphandle kokukhathala noma ingozi yokuthola ukulimala emsebenzini njengokulimala okuphindaphindiwe (ama-RSI).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ingahlanganisa izici zokuphepha njengezinzwa ezimisa ngokushesha ukusebenza uma into noma umuntu engena endaweni eyingozi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yabasebenzi futhi kuvimbela izingozi nokulimala.

Ukonga Izindleko kanye Nokwenyuka Kwenzuzo

Nakuba ukusebenzisa imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwangaphambili, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside ziphumela ekongeni kwezindleko ezinkulu kanye nenzuzo eyengeziwe. Isivinini esithuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle kwemigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo kuholela emikhawulweni ephezulu yokukhiqiza, okuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende ngempumelelo. Lokhu, nakho, kuthuthukisa umkhawulo wokuncintisana wenkampani emakethe.

Ukwengeza, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo inciphisa kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi. Ngemishini eyenza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo, abakhiqizi banganciphisa abasebenzi babo kuyilapho befinyelela amazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zabasebenzi, okuhambisana nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuthuthukisiwe, kuhumusha izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye namaphutha ambalwa, okuholela emalini yenzuzo ephezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo inciphisa isidingo sokuzibandakanya kwabantu emisebenzini eyingozi noma eyingozi, ekugcineni konge izindleko zomshwalense futhi kuvinjwe izingozi emsebenzini. Sekukonke, ukwanda kokusebenza kahle nokonga kwezindleko okuhambisana nemigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo kunomthelela ekwenzeni inzuzo ethuthukisiwe ezinkampanini ezikhiqizayo.

Isiphetho

Imigqa yokuhlangana ezenzakalelayo iguqule imboni yokukhiqiza, yathuthukisa ukuhamba komsebenzi nokusebenza kahle emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Izinzuzo ziningi, okuhlanganisa isivinini esithuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuthuthukisiwe, ukuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kwendawo yokusebenza, nokonga izindleko okuholela enzuzweni eyengeziwe.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, amandla okuthuthukisa okwengeziwe kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha emigqeni yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo makhulu. Abakhiqizi baqhubeka behlola izindlela zokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuze bathuthukise amakhono okwenza izinqumo futhi banike amandla imigqa yokuhlangana yokuzilungiselela yona.

Ngekhono lokukhiqiza amavolumu aphezulu ngesivinini esisheshayo, kuyilapho kugcinwa amazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi, imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ibeka isibonelo esijabulisayo sekusasa lokukhiqiza. Ukwamukela lobu buchwepheshe kwenza izinkampani zikwazi ukuhlala zincintisana, zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende, futhi ziphumelele emakethe yomhlaba wonke eguqukayo.