uyo akatanga kudhinda kweoffset

Nhanganyaya

Kudhinda kweoffset kwave kuchichinja-chinja munyika yekudhinda, kuchinje mabudisiro atinoita mabhuku, mapepanhau, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodhinda. Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti ndiani akatanga iyi nzira inoshamisa yokudhinda? Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora matangiro ekudhinda kweoffset uye pfungwa dzakajeka dziri seri kwekugadzirwa kwayo. Tichanyatsotarisisa nhoroondo, kusimukira, uye kushanda kunoita kudhinda kweoffset, tichijekesa vanhu vane ruzivo rwekutanga vakagadzira nzira yeruzivo rwemazuva ano rwekudhinda.

Nzira dzokutanga nadzo dzokuprinda

Tisati tanyatsoongorora magadzirirwo ekudhinda kweoffset, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise nzira dzekutanga dzekuprinda dzakavhura nzira yekuchinja uku. Kudhinda kune nhoroondo yakareba uye ine nhoroondo, inotangira kubva kumagariro ekare akadai seMesopotamia neChina. Mitoo yepakutanga-tanga yokudhinda, yakadai sokudhinda kwemapuranga uye mabhii aifambika, yakaita basa rinokosha pakuvandudza unyanzvi hwokudhinda.

Kudhinda kwemapuranga, kwakatanga kuChina yekare, kwaisanganisira kuveza mavara kana kuti mifananidzo pabhuroko repuranga, iro raibva ranamwa neingi ndokutsikirirwa papepa kana kuti jira. Mutoo uyu wakanga wakanyanya kushanda uye wakaganhurirwa mukukwanisa kwawo, asi wakaisa hwaro hwounyanzvi hwokudhinda hwomunguva yemberi. Kugadzirwa kwemavara anofambiswa naJohannes Gutenberg muzana remakore rechi15 kwakanga kuri kufambira mberi kukuru muruzivo rwokudhinda, sezvo kwakabvumira kubudiswa kwemabhuku akawanda nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwa.

Kuberekwa kweOffset Printing

Kugadzirwa kwe offset kudhinda kunogona kuverengerwa kune vanhu vaviri: Robert Barclay naIra Washington Rubel. Robert Barclay, mumwe murume wokuEngland, anonzi ndiye akavamba pfungwa yokudhinda kweoffset muna 1875. Zvisinei, akanga ari Ira Washington Rubel, wokuAmerica, uyo akakwenenzvera unyanzvi hwacho ndokuhuita kuti hushandiswe mukutengeserana mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20.

Pfungwa yaBarclay yekudhinda kweoffset yaive yakavakirwa pamusimboti welithography, nzira yekudhinda inoshandisa kusapindirana kwemafuta nemvura. Mune lithography, mufananidzo uchadhindwa unodhonzwa panzvimbo yakati sandara, sedombo kana ndiro yesimbi, uchishandisa chinhu chine girizi. Nzvimbo dzisiri dzemufananidzo dzinobatwa kukwezva mvura, nepo nzvimbo dzemufananidzo dzinodzinga mvura uye dzinokwezva inki. Kana ndiro yaiswa inki, inki inonamatira kunzvimbo dzemufananidzo uye inotamirwa kune gumbeze rerabha isati yabviswa papepa.

Mupiro waRobert Barclay

Kuedza kwokutanga kwaRobert Barclay nokudhinda kweoffset kwakaisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chacho. Barclay akaziva kugona kwelithography senzira yekuendesa ingi pabepa uye yakagadzira nzira yekushandisa musimboti wemafuta nemvura kusanzwisisika kugadzira nzira yekudhinda inobudirira. Nepo kuedza kwaBarclay kwekutanga kudhinda kweoffset kwaive kusingaite, njere dzake dzakagadzira danho rekuvandudza mune ramangwana mumunda.

Basa raBarclay nokudhinda kweoffset rakanga risingazivikanwi zvakafara muupenyu hwake, uye akatamburira kuti agamuchirwe nokuda kwemifungo yake muindasitiri yokudhinda. Zvisinei, mipiro yake mukusimudzira kudhinda kweoffset haigoni kupfuudzwa, sezvo yakapa hwaro hwaizovakwa naIra Washington Rubel.

Ira Washington Rubel's Innovation

Ira Washington Rubel, nyanzvi yekunyora lithograph, ndiye aifambisa kukwenenzverwa uye kuparidzirwa kwe offset kudhinda. Kubudirira kwaRubel kwakauya muna 1904 apo akawana netsaona kuti chifananidzo chakatamisirwa mugumbeze rerabha chaigona kuzobviswa pabepa. Kuwanwa netsaona uku kwakachinja indasitiri yokudhinda ndokuisa hwaro hwemichina yemazuva ano yokudhinda.

Rubel's innovation yaisanganisira kutsiva dombo rechinyakare kana simbi ndiro yekudhinda negumbeze rerabha, izvo zvaipa kuchinjika kukuru uye kudhura-kushanda. Kufambira mberi uku kwakaita kuti kudhinda kweoffset kuve kunoshanda uye kudhure, zvichiita kuti kugamuchirwe nevadhindi pasi rese. Kuzvipira kwaRubel kukwenenzvera kudhinda kwe offset kwakasimbisa chimiro chake chekuva piyona mumunda wehunyanzvi hwekutsikisa.

Impact uye Legacy

Kutangwa kwokudhinda kweoffset kwakapesvedzera zvikuru indasitiri yokudhinda, kuchichinja nzira iyo mabhuku akadhindwa aibudiswa nokuparadzirwa nayo. Zvakanakira kudhinda kweoffset, kwakadai sokudhindisa kwemhando yepamusoro, kusadhurira, uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana, kwakakurumidza kuita kuti ive nzira yokudhinda inofarirwa yechinhu chose kubvira pamabhuku nemapepanhau kusvika pakurongedzerwa nezvinhu zvokushambadza. Kugona kudhinda kweoffset kubata mabhii makuru kunofamba zvakanaka uye nguva dzose kwaiita kuti ive chishandiso chakakosha kuvatsikisi, vashambadziri, uye mabhizinesi.

Uyezve, nhaka yekudhinda kweoffset inogara muzera redhijitari, sezvo misimboti uye matekiniki akagadzirwa naBarclay naRubel ari kuramba achipesvedzera tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekudhinda. Nepo kudhinda kwedhijitari kwave kubuda seimwe nzira inogoneka yekutsikisa kudhinda mune mamwe maapplication, pfungwa dzakakosha dzekudhinda kweoffset dzinoramba dzakakosha uye dzichishanda.

Mhedziso

Kugadzirwa kwe offset kudhinda naRobert Barclay naIra Washington Rubel inomiririra nguva yemvura munhoroondo yehunyanzvi hwekudhinda. Chiono chavo, utsva, uye kutsungirira zvakaisa hwaro hwechiito chokudhinda chaizochinja indasitiri ndokusiya nhaka inogara. Kubva pamavambo akaderera kusvika pakugamuchirwa kwakapararira, kudhinda kweoffset kwakashandura nzira yatinogadzira nekushandisa nayo zvinhu zvakadhindwa, kuumba nyika yekudhinda, kutaurirana, uye kutengeserana. Sezvatinotarisa kunguva yemberi yeruzivo rwokudhinda, tinogona kuronda kushanduka kwayo tichidzokera kundangariro dzakangwara dzakagadzira kudhinda kweoffset.