Ukwakhiwa Komshini Womhlangano Wezokwelapha: Izixazululo Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Okuphayona

Isimo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo siyathuthuka ngokushesha, nemishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha ihamba phambili kulolu shintsho. Lezi zinto ezintsha zibonakala zishintsha umdlalo, zinikeza amazinga angakaze abonwe okunemba, ukusebenza kahle, nokwethembeka. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, imithelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ijulile. Lesi sihloko sidingida izinto ezintsha zakamuva emishinini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha, ekhombisa ukuthi ziphayona kanjani izixazululo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokubeka amabhentshimakhi amasha embonini.

Intuthuko ku-Robotics kanye ne-Automation

Ukukhuphuka kwamarobhothi kanye ne-automation emkhakheni wemihlangano yezokwelapha kuguqula indlela okwakhiwa ngayo amathuluzi nemishini yezempilo. Amasistimu azenzakalelayo awehlise kakhulu umkhawulo wamaphutha omuntu, aqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yezokwelapha ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi. Le mishini ingenza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo ngokunemba okuphezulu, okuyenza ilungele ukuhlanganisa izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zemishini yezokwelapha njengezinhliziyo ezishaya inhliziyo, amathuluzi okuhlinza, nemishini yokuxilonga.

Enye yentuthuko ephawuleka kakhulu kulo mkhakha ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI) namarobhothi. Amarobhothi anikwe amandla i-AI angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinqubo zokuhlanganisa ezihlukene ngokungenelela kwabantu okuncane. Bangafunda emisebenzini yangaphambilini, bathuthuke ngama-algorithms okufunda komshini, futhi baze babikezele futhi balungise amaphutha okuhlanganisa angaba khona ngaphambi kokuba enzeka. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ungowezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi abambisene, noma ama-cobots, kuyadlondlobala. Lawa marobhothi aklanyelwe ukusebenza eduze nabasebenzi abangabantu, anikeze usizo ngemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma entekenteke emishinini evamile. Ama-Cobots angathatha imisebenzi eyisicefe futhi ephindaphindayo, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile ezicini ezibaluleke kakhulu zenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Lobu budlelwano be-symbiotic phakathi kwabantu namarobhothi buholela emigqeni yokukhiqiza esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha asezingeni eliphakeme.

Izinto zokwakha kanye namasu okukhiqiza

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye namasu okukhiqiza kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuqineni kwemishini yezokwelapha. Izinto ezintsha zakamuva kule ndawo ziholele ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezisebenza nge-biocompatible ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi eziphephile ukuthi zisetshenziswe emzimbeni womuntu. Lezi zinto, ezinjengama-polymer athuthukile kanye nama-alloys ahlakaniphile, manje sezisetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izimila zezokwelapha, izitho zokwenziwa, namanye amathuluzi okunakekelwa kwezempilo abalulekile.

Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, sekuvele njengendlela yokuguqula emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwezokwelapha. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziklanywe ngokwezifiso eziklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zesiguli ngasinye. Isibonelo, izimila eziphrintiwe ze-3D zingaklanywa ukuthi zilingane ngokuphelele ku-anatomy yesiguli, ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga nokuthuthukisa imiphumela iyonke. Amandla okwenza i-prototype ngokushesha futhi akhiqize izingxenye lapho kudingeka futhi anciphise isikhathi sokuhola nezindleko, okwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufinyeleleke kalula.

Enye indlela entsha yokukhiqiza i-nano-assembling. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhohliswa kwezinto ezingeni le-molecule noma le-athomu ukuze kudalwe amadivayisi anembe kakhulu futhi asebenzayo. Ubuchwepheshe be-Nano-assembly buwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa, amathuluzi okuxilonga, nama-biosensors. Lawa madivaysi angakwazi ukubona nokwelapha izifo kusenesikhathi, athuthukise kakhulu ukubikezela kwesiguli.

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Nokuhambisana

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yezokwelapha ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokulawula kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokukhula kwenkimbinkimbi yezinqubo zokuhlangana kwezokwelapha, ukugcina ukuthobela imithetho eqinile yokunakekelwa kwezempilo sekuyinselele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezintsha zakamuva ezinhlelweni zokulawula ikhwalithi zedijithali nezizenzekelayo zisiza abakhiqizi banqobe lezi zinselele.

Enye into enjalo emisha ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokubona ngomshini. Lawa masistimu asebenzisa amakhamera kanye nama-algorithms athuthukisiwe okucubungula izithombe ukuze ahlole amadivaysi ezokwelapha ukuze abone ukuthi kuneziphambeko phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Bangakwazi ukubona iziphambeko ezincane ezingase zingabonakali ngeso lenyama, baqinisekise ukuthi amadivayisi kuphela ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu afika emakethe. Amasistimu okubona omshini nawo angahlanganiswa ne-AI ukuze abikezele amaphutha angenzeka futhi aphakamise izenzo zokulungisa.

Ukuqapha kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziya sekubuye kwaba yingxenye yokugcina ikhwalithi nokuhambisana. Izinzwa ezithuthukile namadivayisi e-IoT angaqoqa idatha kusuka ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zenqubo yokuhlanganisa, anikeze imininingwane yokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, nezinkinga ezingaba khona. Le datha ingahlaziywa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanganisa ithobela izidingo zokulawula kanye nokuthi noma yikuphi ukuchezuka kubhekwana nayo ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bamawele edijithali kuguqula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi emkhakheni wokuhlanganisa wezokwelapha. Iwele ledijithali liwumfanekiso ongokoqobo womugqa wokuhlanganisa ongokoqobo, ovumela abakhiqizi ukuba balingise futhi bahlaziye yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza endaweni elawulwayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukukhonjwa nokulungiswa kwezinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi zenzeke emhlabeni wangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nokunciphisa ubungozi bokukhubazeka.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokwenza kube ngokwakho

Kule minyaka lapho imithi yomuntu siqu iba ngobaluleke kakhulu, ikhono lokwenza imishini yezokwelapha ngokwezifiso ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zesiguli ngasinye kuyintuthuko enkulu. Imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha efakwe izici ezithuthukisiwe zokwenza ngokwezifiso yenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza amadivaysi afanelana nezidingo ezithile ze-anatomical nezokuphila kweziguli.

Enye yezinto ezigqugquzela lokhu kulungiselelwa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-computer-aid design (CAD) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okusizwa ngekhompyutha (CAM). Lawa masistimu anika amandla ukuklama okunembayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha esetshenziswayo, njengezigxivizo ezilingana ngokwezifiso, ama-prosthetics, namadivayisi e-orthotic. Ngokusebenzisa idatha eqondene nesiguli, efana nokuthatha izithombe nezilinganiso, le mishini ingakha amadivayisi anikezela ngokulingana okuphelele nokusebenza okuphelele.

Ukwengeza, intuthuko ku-biofabrication ivula ama-horizons amasha emithi yomuntu siqu. I-Biofabrication ihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo, amaseli, nama-biomolecules ukuze kwakhe izicubu nezitho ezisebenzayo. Imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha ehlome ngamakhono e-biofabrication ingakwazi ukukhiqiza izixhumi eziklanywe ngokwezifiso, ama-organoid, kanye nezitho eziphelele. Lokhu kuphumelela kunamandla okuguqula umuthi wokufakelwa kanye nokuvuselela kabusha, okunikeza ithemba ezigulini ezinokwehluleka kwezitho nezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza kube ngokwakho kudlulela ngale kwamadivayisi aphathekayo kuye ezixazululweni zezempilo ezidijithali. Imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha manje isiyakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi nezinzwa kumadivayisi agqokekayo aqapha futhi alawule izimo zezempilo ngesikhathi sangempela. Lawa madivayisi agqokekayo angenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze alandelele amamethrikhi ezempilo athile, ahlinzeke ngemininingwane yomuntu siqu futhi anike amandla ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukusimama kanye Nomphumela Wemvelo

Njengoba isidingo semishini yezokwelapha siqhubeka sikhula, umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwawo uye wabhekwa. Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo iya ngokuya igxile ekwamukeleni izinqubo ezisimeme ukuze kuncishiswe i-carbon footprint yayo kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza. Imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseni le mizamo yokusimama.

Enye into emisha enkulu kule ndawo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha ezilungele imvelo. Abacwaningi bahlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibolayo nezigaywa kabusha ekuhlanganisweni kwemishini yezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ama-polymers abolayo angasetshenziswa ukwenza izimila zesikhashana noma izinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa ezonakalisa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni, ziqede isidingo sokususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ngokufanayo, izinto ezisebenzisekayo zingasetshenziswa kabusha, kunciphise umthelela wemvelo wokulahlwa kwemishini yezokwelapha.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kungenye into ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni okusimeme. Imishini yesimanje yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha iklanyelwe ukusebenzisa amandla amancane kuyilapho igcina amazinga aphezulu okusebenza. Ukuqamba okusha okufana nezinhlelo zokubopha kabusha zamabhuleki, amamotho awonga amandla, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe zifaka isandla ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla sekukonke kwemigqa yokuhlanganisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezisimeme zokukhiqiza kudlulela nasekulawuleni udoti. Imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha manje isifakwe izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa imfucuza kanye nokugaywa kabusha. Lezi zinhlelo zingahlukanisa futhi zisebenzise kabusha izinto ezilahlwayo ezikhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa, ziqinisekise ukuthi izinsiza ezimbalwa ziyamoshwa futhi imfucuza encane iphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu.

Sengiphetha, imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha ihamba phambili ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezempilo. Intuthuko kumarobhothi kanye ne-automation iguqule ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuhlanganisa. Ukuqanjwa kwezinto ezintsha nezindlela zokukhiqiza kuholele ekukhiqizweni kwemishini yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu, eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Izinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ziqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho eqinile, kuyilapho imizamo yokusimama inciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza. Lezi zinto ezintsha zihlanganyela ekudalweni kwemishini yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu ethuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli futhi ithuthukise ukuzizwisa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kukonke.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, amandla okwenziwa okusha emishinini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha awanamkhawulo. Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo izoqhubeka nokuhlomula kulokhu kuthuthuka, okuholela ezisombululweni zezokwelapha eziphephile, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu neziqondene nomuntu uqobo. Ikusasa lokunakekelwa kwezempilo libukeka lithembisa, njengoba imishini yokuhlanganisa yezokwelapha idlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni isizukulwane esilandelayo semishini yezokwelapha nokuvula indlela yezwe elinempilo.