Makina Osindikizira a Offset: Kumvetsetsa Njirayi

Ntchito yosindikiza yapita kutali kwambiri kuyambira pamene inayamba, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zosindikizira zikukonzedwa ndi kukonzedwanso m’kupita kwa zaka. Mwa njira zimenezi, makina osindikizira a offset atulukira ngati njira yodziwika kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Makina osindikizira a offset asintha kwambiri kupanga kwaunyinji, kupangitsa kukhala kotheka kusindikiza mabuku ambiri apamwamba kwambiri mwachangu komanso mwaluso. M’nkhani ino, tiona mmene makina osindikizira a offset amagwirira ntchito, n’kuona mmene makina osindikizira amachitira zinthu movutikira.

Zoyambira pa Makina Osindikizira a Offset

Kusindikiza kwa offset ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kusamutsa chithunzi kuchokera m'mbale kupita ku bulangete la rabara chisanasamutsidwe pamalo osindikizira. Zimachokera pa mfundo yotsutsa pakati pa mafuta ndi madzi, ndi malo azithunzi omwe amakopa inki ndi malo omwe si azithunzi omwe amawabweza. Makina osindikizira a Offset amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zovuta komanso zigawo zake kuti akwaniritse izi.

Zigawo zazikulu za makina osindikizira a offset ndi monga silinda ya mbale, silinda ya bulangeti, ndi silinda yowoneka bwino. Masilindalawa amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti awonetsetse kusamutsa kwa inki kolondola komanso kutulutsa zithunzi. Silinda ya mbale imakhala ndi mbale yosindikizira, yomwe ili ndi chithunzi chomwe chiyenera kusindikizidwa. Silinda ya bulangeti imakhala ndi bulangeti ya rabara mozungulira, yomwe imalandira inki kuchokera ku mbale ndikuitumiza ku pepala kapena gawo lina losindikizira. Pomaliza, silinda yachiwonetsero imagwira ntchito pamapepala kapena gawo lapansi, kuwonetsetsa kuti chithunzicho chisasunthike komanso ngakhale kusamutsa.

The Inking System

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakina osindikizira a offset ndi inking system yake. Dongosolo la inking lili ndi ma roller angapo, iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yake. Zodzigudubuzazi zimakhala ndi udindo wosamutsa inki kuchokera ku kasupe wa inki kupita ku mbale ndiyeno n’kukaika pa bulangeti.

Kasupe wa inki ndi nkhokwe imene inkiyo imasungiramo inki, imene imasamutsidwa ku zodzigudubuza za inki. Odzigudubuza a inki amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi kasupe wodzigudubuza, akunyamula inki ndikuitumiza ku ductroller. Kuchokera pa ductor roller, inki imasamutsidwa ku silinda ya mbale, komwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera azithunzi. Inki yowonjezereka imachotsedwa ndi mndandanda wa oscillating odzigudubuza, kuonetsetsa kuti inki yolondola komanso yoyendetsedwa bwino ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbale.

Mbale ndi Blanket Cylinder

Silinda ya mbale ndi silinda ya bulangeti zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusindikiza kwa offset. Silinda ya mbale imakhala ndi mbale yosindikizira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena poliyesitala. M'makina amakono osindikizira a offset, mbalezo nthawi zambiri zimakhala mbale za kompyuta-to-plate (CTP), zomwe zimajambulidwa mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito lasers kapena inkjet technology.

Silinda ya mbale imazungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbaleyo igwirizane ndi zodzigudubuza za inki ndikusamutsira inkiyo ku silinda ya bulangeti. Pamene silinda ya mbale ikuzungulira, inki imakopeka ndi madera azithunzi pa mbale, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hydrophilic kapena inki-kulandira. Madera osakhala azithunzi, kumbali ina, ndi hydrophobic kapena inki-repellent, kuonetsetsa kuti chithunzi chofunidwacho chimasamutsidwa.

Bulangeti la silinda, monga dzina lake likunenera, limakutidwa ndi bulangeti labala. Chofundacho chimakhala ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa mbale ndi pepala kapena gawo lina losindikiza. Imalandila inki kuchokera ku silinda ya mbale ndikuitumiza ku pepala, kuonetsetsa kusamutsa kwachithunzithunzi koyera komanso kosasintha.

The Impression Cylinder

Silinda yowoneka bwino imayang'anira kukakamiza pamapepala kapena gawo lapansi, kuwonetsetsa kuti chithunzicho chasamutsidwa molondola. Zimagwira ntchito molumikizana ndi silinda ya bulangeti, ndikupanga masinthidwe ngati masangweji. Pamene silinda ya bulangeti imasamutsa inkiyo ku pepala, silinda yowonekera imagwira ntchito kukakamiza, kulola kuti inki ilowe ndi ulusi wa pepala.

Silinda yowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zinthu zina zolimba kuti zipirire kupsinjika ndikupereka chithunzi chofananira. Ndikofunikira kuti silinda yowoneka bwino igwiritse ntchito mphamvu zokwanira kuti zitsimikizire kusamutsa kwazithunzi popanda kuwononga pepala kapena gawo lapansi.

Njira Yosindikizira

Kumvetsetsa makina a makina osindikizira a offset sikukwanira popanda kufufuza ndondomeko yosindikiza yokha. Inki ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa silinda ya bulangeti, imakhala yokonzeka kusamutsidwa ku pepala kapena gawo lapansi.

Pamene pepalalo likudutsa mu makina osindikizira, limakumana ndi blanket cylinder. Chithunzicho chimasamutsidwa ku pepala mwa kuphatikiza kukakamiza, inki, ndi absorbency ya pepala lokha. Silinda ya bulangeti imazungulira molumikizana ndi pepala, kuonetsetsa kuti malo onse aphimbidwa ndi chithunzicho.

Makina osindikizira a offset amapanga zisindikizo zakuthwa komanso zoyera, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusungitsa inki yosasinthasintha panthawi yonse yosindikiza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yowoneka bwino, mawu omveka bwino, komanso mawu akuthwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina osindikizira a offset akhale okonda kwambiri pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magazini, timabuku, ndi zolembera.

Powombetsa mkota

Makina osindikizira a Offset asintha kwambiri ntchito yosindikiza, zomwe zapangitsa kuti makina osindikizira azitha kupangidwa mochuluka molondola komanso mwaluso kwambiri. Makaniko kuseri kwa makinawa amaphatikiza kulumikizana movutikira pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza silinda ya mbale, silinda ya bulangeti, ndi silinda yowoneka bwino. Makina a inki amaonetsetsa kuti inki imatumizidwa ku mbale ndi bulangeti, pamene kusindikizako kumatsimikizira kubereka kwachithunzi koyera komanso kosasintha.

Kumvetsetsa kamangidwe ka makina osindikizira a offset kumapereka chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali pa ndondomeko yosindikizira, zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri ndi okonda kuyamikira luso ndi sayansi yomwe ili ndi luso lodabwitsali. Pamene umisiri wosindikiza ukupitabe patsogolo, makina osindikizira a offset akadali njira yokhazikika komanso yodalirika, yothandizira mafakitale osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.